تداول الخيارات في التيلجو

تداول الخيارات في التيلجو
إثراء المستثمرين منذ عام 1998.
حلول التداول المربحة للمستثمر الذكي.
دليل المبتدئين إلى خيارات.
ما هو الخيار؟
والخيار هو عقد يمنح المشتري الحق، وليس الالتزام، بشراء أو بيع أصل أساسي (سهم أو مؤشر) بسعر محدد في تاريخ معين أو قبله.
الخيار هو مشتق. أي أن قيمته مشتقة من شيء آخر. في حالة خيار األسهم، تستند قيمته إلى األسهم األساسية) حقوق الملكية (. في حالة خيار المؤشر، تستند قيمته إلى المؤشر الأساسي (حقوق الملكية).
· الخيارات المدرجة هي الأوراق المالية، تماما مثل الأسهم.
· خيارات التجارة مثل الأسهم، مع المشترين تقديم العطاءات والبائعين تقديم العروض.
· يتم تداول الخيارات بنشاط في السوق المدرجة، تماما مثل الأسهم. ويمكن شراؤها وبيعها تماما مثل أي أمن آخر.
· الخيارات هي المشتقات، على عكس الأسهم (أي الخيارات تستمد قيمتها من شيء آخر، والأمن الكامنة).
· الخيارات لديها تواريخ انتهاء الصلاحية، في حين أن الأسهم لا.
· ليس هناك عدد محدد من الخيارات، كما هو الحال مع أسهم الأسهم المتاحة.
· يمتلك أصحاب الأسهم حصة من الشركة، مع حقوق التصويت وحقوق توزيع الأرباح. ولا تنقل الخيارات أي حقوق من هذا القبيل.
لا يزال بعض الناس في حيرة من الخيارات. والحقيقة هي أن معظم الناس قد تم استخدام الخيارات لبعض الوقت، لأن الخيار على حد سواء بنيت في كل شيء من الرهون العقارية للتأمين على السيارات. في الخيارات المدرجة في العالم، ومع ذلك، وجودها هو أكثر وضوحا بكثير.
أنواع انتهاء الصلاحية.
هناك نوعان مختلفان من الخيارات فيما يتعلق بانتهاء الصلاحية. هناك خيار النمط الأوروبي وخيار النمط الأمريكي. لا يمكن ممارسة خيار النمط الأوروبي حتى تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية. وبمجرد أن يكون المستثمر قد اشترى الخيار، فإنه يجب أن تعقد حتى انتهاء الصلاحية. يمكن ممارسة خيار النمط الأمريكي في أي وقت بعد شرائه. اليوم، معظم خيارات الأسهم التي يتم تداولها هي خيارات النمط الأمريكي. والعديد من الخيارات مؤشر هي النمط الأمريكي. ومع ذلك، هناك العديد من الخيارات مؤشر التي هي خيارات النمط الأوروبي. يجب أن يكون المستثمر على بينة من هذا عند النظر في شراء خيار المؤشر.
خيار قسط هو سعر الخيار. هذا هو الثمن الذي تدفعه لشراء الخيار. على سبيل المثال، شيز 30 مايو دعوة (وبالتالي هو خيار لشراء أسهم الشركة شيز) قد يكون لها خيار الخيار من Rs.2.
سعر سترايك (أو إكسيرسيس) هو السعر الذي يمكن بموجبه شراء أو بيع الضمان الأساسي (في هذه الحالة، شيز) كما هو محدد في عقد الخيار.
تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية هو اليوم الذي لم يعد فيه الخيار صالحا ولم يعد موجودا. تاريخ انتهاء صلاحية جميع خيارات الأسهم المدرجة في الولايات المتحدة هو يوم الجمعة الثالث من الشهر (إلا عندما يقع في عطلة، وفي هذه الحالة يكون يوم الخميس).
الأشخاص الذين يشترون الخيارات لديهم حق، وهذا هو الحق في ممارسة الرياضة.
عندما يختار حامل الخيار أن يمارس خيارا، تبدأ العملية في العثور على كاتب مختصر من نفس النوع من الخيارات (على سبيل المثال، الفئة وسعر الإضراب ونوع الخيار). مرة واحدة وجدت، أن الكاتب قد تكون مخصصة.
هناك نوعان من الخيارات - الدعوة ووضع. وتعطي المكالمة للمشتري الحق، ولكن ليس الالتزام، لشراء الأداة الأساسية. وتعطي الصفقة المشتري الحق، ولكن ليس الالتزام، لبيع الأداة الأساسية.
إن السعر المحدد سلفا الذي وافق عليه المشتري والبائع من خيار ما هو سعر الإضراب، ويسمى أيضا سعر التمرين أو السعر المضرب. ويكون لكل خيار على أداة أساسية أسعار إضراب متعددة.
خيار الاتصال - سعر الأداة الأساسي هو أعلى من سعر الإضراب.
وضع الخيار - سعر الأداة الأساسية هو أقل من سعر الإضراب.
خيار الاتصال - سعر الأداة الأساسي هو أقل من سعر الإضراب.
وضع الخيار - سعر الأداة الأساسية أعلى من سعر الإضراب.
السعر الأساسي يعادل سعر الإضراب.
خيارات لها حياة محدودة. يوم انتهاء صلاحية الخيار هو آخر يوم يمكن لمالك الخيار ممارسة الخيار فيه. يمكن ممارسة الخيارات الأمريكية في أي وقت قبل تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية بناء على تقدير المالك.
وهناك فئة من الخيارات هو كل يضع ويدعو إلى أداة أساسية معينة. والشيء الذي يعطيه الشخص حق الشراء أو البيع هو الأداة الأساسية. في حالة وجود خيارات الفهرس، يجب أن يكون المؤشر الأساسي مؤشرا مثل المؤشر الحساس (سينسكس) أو S & أمب؛ P نكس نيفتي أو الأسهم الفردية.
يمكن تصفية خيار في ثلاث طرق A إغلاق شراء أو بيع، التخلي عن ممارسة. شراء وبيع الخيارات هي أكثر الطرق شيوعا للتصفية. يمنح الخيار الحق في شراء أو بيع أداة أساسية بسعر محدد.
يتم تعيين أسعار الخيارات من خلال المفاوضات بين المشترين والبائعين. تتأثر أسعار الخيارات بشكل رئيسي بتوقعات الأسعار المستقبلية للمشترين والبائعين وعلاقة سعر الخيار مع سعر الأداة.
والقيمة الزمنية للخيار هي القيمة التي يتجاوز فيها القسط قيمة الجوهرية. قيمة الوقت = قسط الخيار - قيمة جوهرية.
استثمار طويل الأجل.
مضاعفة رأس المال الخاص بك عن طريق الاستثمار.
الاتجاهات طويلة الأجل.
مولتي، باجر، الأسهم.
خلق الثروة لنفسك.
والتعرف بسرعة التغييرات في الاتجاهات، وركوب هذا الاتجاه.
وحجز الأرباح في نهاية هذا الاتجاه.
التقاط تقلبات سعر موجزة.
تتحرك بسرعة تتجه الأسهم.
تقلبات أسعار اليوم الواحد من الأسهم الأكثر نشاطا في كل من.
بولش & أمب؛ بيريش الأسواق.
توليد دفق مستمر من الدخل اليومي.
تداول العقود الآجلة.
أقصى الأرباح كل يوم.
العقود الآجلة عالية السيولة.
• استخدام هذا الموقع و / أو المنتجات & أمب؛ الخدمات التي تقدمها لنا يشير إلى قبولك لإخلاء المسؤولية.
• تنويه: العقود الآجلة، الخيار & أمب؛ تداول الأسهم هو نشاط ينطوي على مخاطر عالية. أي عمل اخترت أن تأخذ في الأسواق هو تماما مسؤوليتك الخاصة. لن يكون ترادرسيدجينديا مسؤولا عن أي أضرار أو خسائر مباشرة أو غير مباشرة أو تبعية أو عرضية تنشأ عن استخدام هذه المعلومات. هذه المعلومات ليست عرضا لبيع أو التماس لشراء أي من الأوراق المالية المذكورة في هذه الوثيقة. ويجوز للكتاب أو لا يتداول في الأوراق المالية المذكورة.
• جميع الأسماء أو المنتجات المذكورة هي علامات تجارية أو علامات تجارية مسجلة لأصحابها.

تداول الخيارات في التيلجو
مع احتمال استثناء العقود الآجلة، التداول ليس لعبة صفرية. وبعبارة أخرى، لكل فائز هناك لا يجب أن يكون الخاسر. ولذلك، لأن هناك الكثير من مجموعات مختلفة وطرق الخيارات يمكن التحوط ضد بعضها البعض، فإنه ليس من المنطقي للنظر في الأرقام العامة (على سبيل المثال، عدد من الخيارات التي تنتهي لا قيمة لها) والوصول إلى استنتاجات حول عدد الناس جعلت أو فقدت المال.
للبساطة، دعونا نلقي حالة انتشار. حقيقة أن شخص واحد جعلت المال شراء فراشة لا يعني تلقائيا أن شخصا آخر فقد. وبدلا من ذلك، قد يكون الشخص الذي باع الفراشة قد تم تداوله خارج المركز باستخدام فروقات الأسعار أو عن طريق بيع الخيارات الفردية. لكل شخص هو فراشة طويلة، وانتشار الدعوة، وانتشرت انتشار، أو أيا كان، وليس هناك بالضرورة الناس الذين هم قصيرة موقف المقابلة. على هذا النحو، فإن ربحية مواقفهم تختلف بالضرورة.
في العديد من النواحي، تداول الخيارات هي لعبة استراتيجية لا تختلف عن البطولات الرياضية التنافسية أو البطولات الشطرنج. والفرق الرئيسي هو أنه في التداول هناك المزيد من اللاعبين وجداول أعمال متعددة. لتحقيق النجاح، من المهم أن يكون لديك معرفة وتقدير اللاعبين الآخرين. بشكل عام، يجب أن تحصل على تقدير لسلوك ودوافع مختلف اللاعبين.
في أسواق الخيارات، يندرج اللاعبون في أربع فئات: التبادلات المالية مؤسسة صانعي السوق الأفراد (التجزئة) المستثمرين.
ما يلي هو لمحة موجزة عن كل مجموعة جنبا إلى جنب مع رؤى أهداف التداول والاستراتيجيات.
التبادل هو بليس حيث يتجمع صناع السوق والتجار لشراء وبيع الأسهم والخيارات والسندات والعقود الآجلة وغيرها من الأدوات المالية. منذ عام 1973 عندما بدأ مجلس شيكاغو خيارات تبادل لأول مرة خيارات التداول، ظهرت عدد من اللاعبين الآخرين. وفي البداية، حافظت كل منها على قوائم منفصلة، ​​وبالتالي لم تتاجر بنفس العقود. في السنوات الأخيرة تغير هذا.
الآن أن بورصة لندن و نس كل من هذه التبادلات قائمة وتجارة نفس العقود، فإنها تتنافس مع بعضها البعض. ومع ذلك، على الرغم من أن الأسهم قد تكون مدرجة على التبادلات متعددة، تبادل واحد يعالج عموما الجزء الأكبر من حجم. وسيعتبر ذلك التبادل السائد لهذا الخيار بالذات.
وكانت المنافسة بين البورصات ذات قيمة خاصة للمتداولين المحترفين الذين قاموا بإنشاء برامج حاسوبية معقدة لمراقبة التناقضات في الأسعار بين البورصات. هذه التناقضات، وإن كانت صغيرة، يمكن أن تكون مربحة بشكل غير عادي للتجار مع القدرة والسرعة للاستفادة. في كثير من الأحيان، التجار المهنية ببساطة استخدام تبادل متعددة للحصول على أفضل الأسعار على صفقاتهم.
إن البت بين الاثنين سيكون ببساطة مسألة اختيار التبادل الذي هو الأكثر تداولا في هذا العقد. وكلما زاد حجم التبادل، كلما كان العقد أكثر سيولة. فزيادة السيولة تزيد من احتمالية حصول التجارة على أفضل الأسعار.
المؤسسات المالية هي شركات إدارة الاستثمار المهنية التي تقع عادة في عدة فئات رئيسية: صناديق الاستثمار المشترك، صناديق التحوط، شركات التأمين، صناديق الأسهم. وفي كل حالة، يسيطر مديرو الأموال على محافظ كبيرة من الأسهم والخيارات والأدوات المالية الأخرى. وعلى الرغم من اختلاف الاستراتيجيات الفردية، فإن المؤسسات تشترك في نفس الهدف - لتفوق على السوق. بمعنى حقيقي جدا، يعتمد معيشتهم على الأداء لأن المستثمرين الذين يشكلون أي صندوق تميل إلى أن تكون مجموعة متقلبة. وعندما لا يؤدي الصندوق أداء، غالبا ما يسارع المستثمرون إلى تحويل الأموال بحثا عن عوائد أعلى.
وحيثما يكون المستثمرون الأفراد أكثر عرضة للتداول بخيارات الأسهم المتعلقة بأسهم محددة، غالبا ما يستخدم مديرو الصناديق خيارات الفهرس لتقريب محافظهم الإجمالية بشكل أفضل. على سبيل المثال، فإن الصندوق الذي يستثمر بكثافة في مجموعة واسعة من الأسهم التقنية سيستخدم خيارات مؤشر نس نيفتي إندكس بدلا من الخيارات المنفصلة لكل سهم في محفظته. ومن الناحية النظرية، فإن أداء هذا المؤشر سيكون قريبا نسبيا من أداء مجموعة فرعية من أسهم التكنولوجيا الفائقة المماثلة التي قد يكون لدى مدير الصندوق في محفظته.
صناع السوق هم التجار على أرضية البورصات الذين يخلقون السيولة من خلال توفير أسواق من جانبين. في كل عداد، والمنافسة بين صانعي السوق يحافظ على انتشار بين العطاء وعرض ضيق نسبيا. ومع ذلك، فإن هذا هو الانتشار الذي يعوض صناع السوق جزئيا عن خطر اتخاذ طيب خاطر أي جانب من التجارة.
بالنسبة لصانعي السوق، فإن الوضع المثالي سيكون "فروة الرأس" كل التجارة. في كثير من الأحيان، ومع ذلك، لا يستفيد صانعو السوق من تدفق لا نهاية لها من الصفقات تعويض تماما لفروة الرأس. ونتيجة لذلك، عليهم إيجاد طرق أخرى لتحقيق الربح. بشكل عام، هناك أربعة تقنيات تداول التي تميز كيف مختلف صناع السوق الخيارات التجارية. ويمكن استخدام أي من هذه التقنيات أو جميعها من قبل صانع السوق نفسه وفقا لظروف التداول. التجار اليوم بريميوم البائعين انتشار التجار التجار النظريين.
تجار اليوم، على أو خارج الشاشة التداول، تميل إلى استخدام مواقف صغيرة للاستفادة من حركة السوق خلال اليوم. وبما أن هدفهم لا يتمثل في الاحتفاظ بموقف لفترات طويلة، فإن المتداولين اليوم لا يقومون عادة بتحوط الخيارات مع المخزون الأساسي. وفي الوقت نفسه، فإنها تميل إلى أن تكون أقل قلقا بشأن دلتا، غاما، وغيرها من الجوانب التحليلية للغاية من التسعير الخيار.
تماما كما يوحي الاسم، والبائعين قسط يميلون إلى تركيز جهودهم بيع خيارات بأسعار عالية والاستفادة من عامل الاضمحلال الوقت عن طريق شرائها في وقت لاحق بسعر أقل. هذه الاستراتيجية تعمل بشكل جيد في غياب تقلبات سعرية كبيرة وغير متوقعة ولكن يمكن أن تكون محفوفة بالمخاطر إلى حد كبير عندما تقلب الصعود.
مثل غيرها من صناع السوق، وانتشار التجار في كثير من الأحيان في نهاية المطاف مع مواقف كبيرة ولكن الوصول إلى هناك من خلال التركيز على ينتشر. وبهذه الطريقة، فإن حتى أكبر المناصب سيكون محوطا بشكل طبيعي إلى حد ما. انتشار التجار توظيف مجموعة متنوعة من الاستراتيجيات شراء بعض الخيارات وبيع الآخرين للتعويض عن المخاطر. وتستخدم بعض هذه الاستراتيجيات مثل الانتكاسات والتحويلات والصناديق في المقام الأول من قبل التجار الكلمة لأنها تستفيد من التناقضات السعرية البسيطة التي غالبا ما توجد فقط لمدة ثوان. ومع ذلك، سوف انتشار التجار استخدام استراتيجيات مثل الفراشات، كوندورس، ينتشر المكالمة، ووضع فروق يمكن استخدامها بشكل فعال جدا من قبل المستثمرين الأفراد.
من خلال جعل الأسواق من جانبين بسهولة، غالبا ما يجد صناع السوق أنفسهم مع مواقف خيار كبير عبر مجموعة متنوعة من أشهر وأسعار الإضراب. نفس الشيء يحدث للتجار النظرية الذين يستخدمون نماذج رياضية معقدة لبيع الخيارات التي مبالغ فيها وشراء الخيارات التي هي أقل من قيمتها نسبيا. ومن بين المجموعات الأربع، غالبا ما يكون التجار النظريون الأكثر تحليلا من حيث أنهم يقيمون باستمرار موقفهم لتحديد آثار التغيرات في الأسعار والتقلب والوقت.
مع زيادة حجم الخيارات، يصبح دور المستثمرين الأفراد أكثر أهمية لأنها تمثل أكثر من 90٪ من الحجم. وهذا أمر مثير للإعجاب بشكل خاص عندما اعتبرت أن حجم الخيارات هذا في شباط / فبراير 2000 بلغ 56.2 مليون عقد - بزيادة مذهلة بنسبة 85 في المائة عن شباط / فبراير 1999.
علم النفس للمستثمر الفردي.
من وجهة نظر نفسية، والمستثمرين الأفراد في مجموعة مثيرة للاهتمام لأن هناك على الأرجح العديد من الاستراتيجيات والأهداف كما أن هناك أفراد. بالنسبة للبعض، الخيارات هي وسيلة لتوليد دخل إضافي من خلال استراتيجيات المحافظة نسبيا مثل المكالمات المشمولة. وبالنسبة للآخرين، توفر الخيارات في شكل صناديق وقائية شكلا ممتازا من أشكال التأمين لتأمين الأرباح أو منع الخسائر من الوظائف الجديدة. ويستخدم الأفراد الأكثر تحملا للمخاطر خيارات للرافعة المالية التي يوفرونها. هؤلاء الناس على استعداد للتداول الخيارات لمكاسب نسبة كبيرة حتى مع العلم قد يكون الاستثمار بأكمله على الخط.
بمعنى ما، اتخاذ موقف في السوق يعني تلقائيا أنك تتنافس مع عدد لا يحصى من المستثمرين من الفئات المذكورة أعلاه. في حين أن ذلك قد يكون صحيحا، تجنب إجراء مقارنات مباشرة عندما يتعلق الأمر نتائج التداول الخاصة بك. الشخص الوحيد الذي يجب أن تتنافس معه هو نفسك. طالما كنت تعلم، وتحسين، ويلهون، لا يهم كيف تفعل بقية العالم.
كيف تتعامل مع المخاطر وتحمي الأرباح مع الخيارات؟
التجار المهنية (المعروفة في صناعة وصناع السوق أو مشغلي السوق)، وغالبا ما يعتقدون أن للمستثمر بداية، يجب أن يبدو تداول الخيار مماثلة لوضع لغز دون مساعدة صورة. يمكنك العثور على الصورة إذا كنت تعرف من أين ننظر. النظر من خلال عيون صانع السوق المهنية هي واحدة من أفضل الطرق لمعرفة المزيد عن خيارات التداول في ظل ظروف السوق الحقيقية. ستساعدك هذه التجربة في فهم كيفية تأثير التغييرات في العالم الفعلي في متغيرات تسعير الخيارات على قيمة الخيار والمخاطر المرتبطة بهذا الخيار. وعلاوة على ذلك، لأن صناع السوق هي المسؤولة أساسا عن ما يبدو السوق الخيار، تحتاج إلى أن تكون على دراية بدورهم والاستراتيجيات التي يستخدمونها من أجل تنظيم السوق السائلة وضمان أرباحهم الخاصة.
وسوف نقدم لمحة عامة عن ممارسات صناع السوق واستكشاف عقلية بهم كمهندسين المعماريين من خيار الأعمال. أولا، سوف ننظر في اللوجستيات من مسؤوليات صانع السوق. كيف يستجيب صناع السوق للعرض والطلب لضمان سوق سائلة؟ كيف تقيم قيمة الخيار بناء على ظروف السوق ومطالبه؟ في الجزء الثاني من هذا الفصل، سوف ننظر في الأهداف الموجهة نحو الربح من صانع السوق. كيف يتم صنع السوق مثل أي عمل آخر؟ كيف يحقق ربح صانع السوق؟ ماذا يعني التحوط من موقف ما، وكيف يستخدم صانع السوق التحوط لتقليل المخاطر؟
صورة محطة التداول الإلكترونية ليست غير مألوفة للخيال الهندي، ولكن كثير من الناس قد لا يعرفون من اللاعبين وراء الشاشة. ويحتل صانعو السوق والوسطاء ومديري الصناديق وتجار التجزئة والمستثمرون المحطات التجارية في جميع أنحاء الهند. يتم الجمع بين الآلاف من محطات التداول عبر 250 مدينة في الهند، وهي تمثل السوق لتداول الخيارات. ويوفر التبادل نفسه الموقع والهيئة التنظيمية وتكنولوجيا الحاسوب والموظفين اللازمين لدعم ورصد نشاط التداول. ويقال إن صناع السوق يقومون بالفعل بسوق الخيار، في حين يمثل الوسطاء الأوامر العامة.
بشكل عام، قد يجعل صناع السوق الأسواق في 30 أو أكثر القضايا والتنافس مع بعضها البعض لشراء العملاء وبيع أوامر في تلك القضايا. وصناع السوق يتاجرون إما باستخدام رؤوس أموالهم أو تجارتهم لصالح شركة توفر لهم رأس المال. ويمثل نشاط صانع السوق، الذي يحدث بصورة متزايدة من خلال تنفيذ الحاسوب، وحدة المعالجة المركزية لصناعة الخيارات. إذا نظرنا إلى التبادل نفسه باعتباره العمود الفقري لهذه الصناعة، والعمل في مكاتب الوساطة مومباي يمثل صناعة هذه الصناعة والدماغ والقلب. وباعتباره عاملا حفازا للتداول ومستثمرا في حد ذاته، فإن دور صانع السوق في الصناعة يستحق الدراسة الدقيقة.
تاجر فردي مقابل صانع السوق.
تقييم قيمة الخيار من قبل التجار الأفراد وصناع السوق، على التوالي، هو أساس تداول الخيارات. يقوم المتداول وصانع السوق على حد سواء بشراء وبيع المنتجات التي يتوقعونها على أنها مربحة. من هذا المنظور، لا يوجد فرق بين صانع السوق وتاجر الخيار الفردي. غير أن الفرق بينك وبين صانع السوق هو المسؤول عن إنشاء صناعة الخيارات، كما نعرفها.
وبشكل أساسي، فإن صانعي السوق هم من تجار الخيارات المهنية والكبيرة الحجم الذين يخدمون تجارتهم الخاصة من خلال خلق السيولة والعمق في السوق. على أساس يومي، يمثل صانعو السوق ما يصل إلى نصف حجم تداول الخيارات، وكثير من هذا النشاط هو المسؤول عن إنشاء وضمان سوق من جانبين تتكون من أفضل العطاءات والعروض للعملاء من الجمهور. يتم نشاط تداول صانع السوق وفقا لشروط علاقة تعاقدية مع تبادل. وكأعضاء في البورصة، يجب على صانعي السوق دفع مستحقات وتأجير أو امتلاك مقعد على الأرض من أجل التجارة. والأهم من ذلك، أن علاقة صانع السوق بالتبادل تتطلب منه أن يتاجر بجميع القضايا التي تم تعيينها في حفرة أولية على أرضية الخيار. في المقابل، صانع السوق قادر على احتلال مكانة متميزة في السوق الخيار - صناع السوق هم التجار في صناعة الخيار. فهي في وضع يمكنها من إنشاء السوق (محاولة وطلب) ومن ثم شراء على عطاءاتهم وبيع على عرضهم.
والفرق الرئيسي بين صانع السوق وتجار التجزئة هو أن موقف صانع السوق يملي في المقام الأول من تدفق العملاء. صانع السوق لا يملك ترف اختيار واختيار موقفه. تماما مثل صانعي الكتب في كازينوهات لاس فيغاس الذين يضعون الصعاب ومن ثم يستوعبون الخانات الفردية الذين يختارون أي جانب من الرهان الذي يريدونه، فإن وظيفة صانع السوق هي توفير السوق في الخيارات، محاولة وعرض، ومن ثم السماح للجمهور تقرر ما إذا كان لشراء أو بيع في تلك الأسعار، وبالتالي أخذ الجانب الآخر من الرهان.
كما التجار الخيار الرسمي، وصانعي السوق في وضع يمكنها من شراء خيار البيع بالجملة وبيعها في تجارة التجزئة. ومع ذلك، فإن الاختلافين الرئيسيين بين صناع السوق والتجار الآخرين هو أن صانعي السوق يبيعون عادة قبل أن يشتروا، وتتذبذب قيمة مخزوناتهم مع تقلب أسعار الأسهم. كما هو الحال مع جميع التجار، على الرغم من الألفة مع المنتج يؤتي ثماره. إن سنوات خبرة صانع السوق مع ظروف السوق وممارسات التداول بشكل عام - بما في ذلك مجموعة من استراتيجيات التداول - تمكنه من وضع حافة (مهما كانت طفيفة) على السوق. هذه الحافة هي أساس الثروة المحتملة لصانع السوق.
أنماط التداول الذكية من مشغلي السوق.
طوال يوم التداول، يستخدم صانعو السوق بشكل عام أحد نمطي التداول: سلخ فروة الرأس أو تداول الصفقات. سلخ فروة الرأس هو أسلوب تداول أبسط أن عدد المتناقص باستمرار من التجار استخدام. ويستعمل التداول بالمراكز، الذي ينقسم إلى عدد من الفئات الفرعية، بأكبر نسبة مئوية من جميع صانعي السوق. كما ناقشنا، فإن معظم موقف صانع السوق تملي عليهم من قبل تدفق النظام العام. كل صانع السوق الفردية سوف تتراكم وتحوط هذا تدفق النظام بشكل مختلف، عموما يفضل نمط واحد من التداول على آخر. قد يكون أسلوب تداول صانع السوق مع الاعتقاد بأن أسلوب واحد أكثر ربحية ثم آخر أو قد يكون بسبب شخصية التاجر العامة والإدراك للمخاطر.
يحاول المستغل عموما شراء خيار على العرض وبيعه على العرض (أو البيع على العرض والشراء على العطاء) في محاولة لالتقاط الفرق دون إنشاء موقف الخيار. الربح من المتسوقين من التداول ما يشار إليه باسم عرض التسعير / الطلب، والفرق بين سعر العرض وسعر الطلب.
على سبيل المثال، إذا كان السوق على نيفتي يوليو 1130 يضع هو 15 (محاولة) - 15.98 (أسك)، وهذا التاجر شراء أمر الخيار الذي يأتي في حفرة التداول على المناقصة جنبا إلى جنب مع بقية الحشد. هذا التاجر يركز الآن على بيع هذه يضع لتحقيق الربح، بدلا من التحوط الخيارات وخلق موقف. نظرا لعدم وجود عمولة يدفعها صانعو السوق، يمكن لهذا التاجر بيع أول عطاء 15.20 الذي يدخل الحشد التجاري ولا يزال تحقيق الربح، والمعروفة في الصناعة المالية وفروة الرأس.
لقد حقق التاجر ربحا من دون إنشاء موقع. وفي بعض األحيان، ال ميكن جتنب االحتفاظ باملوقف والتحوط منه. لا يزال هذا النمط من التداول عموما أقل خطورة، لأن التاجر سوف يحافظ فقط على مواقف صغيرة مع القليل من المخاطر. و سكالبر هو أقل شيوعا في هذه الأيام لأن إدراج الخيارات على أكثر من تبادل واحد (القائمة المزدوجة) زادت المنافسة وخفضت عرض العطاء / أسك. و سكالبر يمكن كسب المال فقط عندما يقوم العملاء بشراء وبيع الخيارات بكميات متساوية. لأن العملاء النظام تدفق عموما من جانب واحد (إما العملاء هي مجرد شراء أو مجرد بيع) القدرة على خيارات فروة الرأس أمر نادر الحدوث. وبالتالي، يتم العثور على السماسرة عموما في الأسهم التجارية تداول الحفر التي لديها تدفق ترتيب خيار كبير. أما المقلقة فهي سلالة نادرة على أرضية التداول، وقد أدى ظهور القائمة المزدوجة والتبادلات المتنافسة إلى جعل السماسرة نوعا من الأنواع المهددة بالانقراض.
ويوجد لدى متداول الصفقات عموما موضع خيار يتم إنشاؤه مع استيعاب تدفق النظام العام والتحوط للمخاطر الناتجة. هذا النوع من التداول أكثر خطورة لأن صانع السوق قد يكون عرضة لمخاطر الاتجاه، مخاطر التقلبات، أو مخاطر أسعار الفائدة، على سبيل المثال لا الحصر. وفي المقابل، يمكن لصانعي السوق أن يتحملوا عددا من المناصب المتعلقة بهذه المتغيرات. وعموما فإن النوعين الشائعين من المتداولين في الموقع هما إما المراجعون أو فرونتسبريدرز.
وبشكل أساسي، فإن المتتبعين هم التجار الذين يتراكمون (شراء) خيارات أكثر مما يبيعون، وبالتالي لديهم إمكانات ربح كبيرة أو غير محدودة نظريا. على سبيل المثال، ستعتبر امتدادا طويلا مسافات خلفية. في هذه الحالة، ونحن شراء دعوة مستوى 50 ووضع (سيكون ضربة أتم دلتا محايدة). ونظرا لانخفاض قيمة الأصول الأساسية في القيمة، فإن المكالمة ستزيد من حيث القيمة. ولكي يتمكن المرء من الربح، يجب أن تزيد قيمة الخيار الصاعد أكثر من قيمة الخيار المتناقص، أو يجب على المتداول أن يتداول بشكل نشط في المخزون مقابل الموضع، الأسهم المتداخلة مع تغير الدلتا.
ويمكن للموقف أيضا أن يستفيد من زيادة التقلب، الأمر الذي من شأنه أن يزيد من قيمة كل من المكالمة ووضع. مع زيادة التقلبات، قد يقوم المتداول ببيع الصفقة للحصول على خيارات الربح أو البيع (عند التقلب العالي) مقابل تلك التي تمتلكها. هذا الموقف لديه إمكانات ربح كبيرة أو غير محدودة ومحدودية المخاطر.
كما نعلم من الفصول السابقة، هناك العديد من المخاطر المرتبطة وجود جرد من الخيارات. وبوجه عام، فإن أكبر خطر مرتبط بالمفتاح الخلفي هو تسوس الوقت. فيغا هو أيضا عامل مهم. إذا انخفض التقلب بشكل كبير، قد يضطر المفصل الخلفي لإغلاق منصبه بأقل من أسعار مواتية، ويمكن أن تحمل خسارة كبيرة. ويعتمد الباحث الخلفي على الحركة في الأصل الأساسي أو زيادة في التقلبات.
على العكس من المفصل الخلفي، فرونتسبريدر عموما تبيع المزيد من الخيارات ثم انه أو انها تملك، وبالتالي، لديه احتمال محدود الربح والمخاطر غير محدودة. باستخدام المثال السابق، فإن فرونتسبريدر يكون البائع من دعوة مستوى 150 ووضعها، قصيرة على مستوى 150 سترادل. في هذه الحالة، سوف يستفيد صانع السوق من الوضع إذا فشل الأصل الأساسي في التحرك خارج العلاوة المستلمة عن البيع قبل انتهاء صلاحيته. وبوجه عام، فإن جبهة الجبهات تبحث عن انخفاض في التقلب و / أو القليل أو عدم الحركة في الأصل الأساسي.
ويمكن للموقف أيضا أن يستفيد من انخفاض في التقلب، مما من شأنه أن يقلل من قيمة كل من المكالمة ووضع. مع انخفاض التذبذب، يمكن للتاجر شراء في موقف للحصول على الربح أو شراء الخيارات (في أقل تقلبات) مقابل تلك هو أو هي قصيرة. الموقف محدود إمكانات الربح والمخاطر غير محدودة.
عند النظر في هذه الأنماط من التداول، من المهم أن ندرك أن المتداول يمكنه تداول الأسهم الأساسية إما لخلق الربح أو إدارة المخاطر. وسوف يشتري المخزن الخلفي الأسهم حيث ينخفض ​​السهم في قيمة وبيع الأسهم مع زيادة الأسهم، وبالتالي سلخ فروة الرأس الأسهم لتحقيق الربح. سلخ فروة الرأس الأسهم الأساسية، حتى عندما يتداول السهم ضمن نطاق أقل من القسط المدفوع للوظيفة، لا يمكن أن تدفع فقط للموقف ولكن يمكن أن تخلق ربحا فوق الاستثمار الأولي. يمكن للمراجعين القيام بذلك مع الحد الأدنى من المخاطر لأن موقفهم لديه غاما إيجابية (انحناء). وهذا يعني أنه مع انخفاض الأصول الأساسية في السعر، فإن مواقف تتراكم الدلتا السلبية، والتاجر قد شراء الأسهم ضد تلك الدلتا. مع زيادة الأصول الأساسية في السعر، فإن الموقف سوف تتراكم الدلتا الإيجابية، والتاجر قد تبيع الأسهم. وبصفة عامة، فإن المفصل الخلفي شراء وبيع الأسهم ضد له أو لها دلتا وضع لخلق فروة الرأس الإيجابية.
وبالمثل، يمكن لجانب جبهي استخدام نفس التقنية لإدارة المخاطر والحفاظ على الربحية المحتملة للموقف. سوف يكون موقف فرونتسبريد غاما السلبية (انحناء سلبي). البقاء دلتا محايدة يمكن أن تساعد فرونتسبريدر تجنب الخسائر. يمكن لجبه الجبس الدؤوب أن يفسد (خدش للخسارة) الأصول الأساسية ويقلل من أرباحها من خلال هامش صغير فقط. وباستثناء أي فجوة في الأصل الأساسي، فإن شراء وشراء الأصول الأساسية من شأنه أن يحافظ على أي خسارة إلى أدنى حد ممكن.
لتعقيد الأمور أبعد من ذلك، قد يقوم باسبريدر أو فرونتسبريدر ببدء موقف يحتوي على ميزات المضاربة. وفيما يلي مثالان.
وضع هؤلاء التجار في موقف يفضل تحرك اتجاهي واحد في الأصل الأساسي على آخر. هذا المتداول تكهنات بأن السهم سوف تتحرك إما صعودا أو هبوطا. هذا النوع من التداول يمكن أن يكون خطرا للغاية لأن التاجر يفضل اتجاه واحد إلى استبعاد حماية المخاطر المرتبطة بالحركة إلى الجانب الآخر. على سبيل المثال، فإن المتداول الذي يعتقد أن الأصل الأساسي قد بيع بشكل كبير قد يشتري المكالمات ويبيع. وسوف تستفيد كل من هذه المعامالت من ارتفاع الموجودات ذات الصلة. ومع ذلك، إذا كان الأصل الأساسي لمواصلة الانخفاض، قد تفقد الموقف قدرا كبيرا من المال.
سيعمل تجار التقلب عموما على افتراض حول اتجاه تقلب الخيار. بالنسبة لهؤلاء التجار، فإن شراء أو بيع مكالمة أو وضعها يستند إلى تقييم لتقلب الخيار. تعد التغيرات المتوقعة في التقلبات عادة أكبر التحديات التي يواجهها تاجر الخيارات. وكما ذكر سابقا، فإن التقلب مهم لأنه أحد العوامل الرئيسية المستخدمة لتقدير سعر الخيار. سوف يقوم متداول التقلبات بشراء الخيارات التي يتم تسعيرها دون افتراض تقلباته وخيارات البيع التي يتم تداولها فوق الافتراض. إذا كانت المحفظة متوازنة بالنسبة لعدد الخيارات التي تم شراؤها وبيعها (خيارات ذات خصائص مماثلة مثل تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية والإضراب)، فإن الموقف سيكون قليلا خطر فيغا. ومع ذلك، إذا كان التاجر يبيع تقلبات أكثر مما يشتريه، أو العكس، فإن الموقف قد يفقد قدرا كبيرا من المال على تحرك تقلب.
كيف سيتحرك مشغلو السوق إلى الجمهور؟
بشكل عام، يبدأ صانع السوق تقييمه باستخدام صيغة التسعير لتوليد قيمة نظرية للخيار ومن ثم إنشاء سوق حول تلك القيمة. تستلزم هذه العملية إنشاء عطاء تحت القيمة العادلة لصانع السوق وعرض أعلى من القيمة العادلة لصانع السوق للخيار. تذكر أن صانع السوق يتحمل مسؤولية قانونية لضمان وجود سوق سائل من خالل توفير عرض / عرض للمخاطر. عندئذ يمكن للجمهور التجاري إما شراء أو بيع الخيارات بناء على قوائم صانع السوق، أو يمكنه التفاوض مع صانع السوق بسعر يتراوح بين سعر المناقصة / سعر المخاطرة (استنادا إلى حساباته الخاصة بالنظري النظري للخيار القيمة).
في معظم الحالات، الفرق بين صانع السوق وعروض المستثمرين الفردية والعروض هي مسألة البنسات (ما قد نعتبره أرباحا كسرية). أما بالنسبة لصانع السوق، فإن المفتاح هو الحجم. مثل كازينو، صانع السوق سوف تدير المخاطر بحيث يمكن أن تبقى في اللعبة مرة بعد الوقت وجعل Rs.1 هنا و Rs.5 هناك. هذه الأرباح تضيف ما يصل. مثل الكازينو، صانع السوق سوف تواجه خسارة في بعض الأحيان. ومع ذلك، من خلال إدارة المخاطر، وقال انه أو انها تحاول البقاء في الأعمال التجارية لفترة طويلة بما فيه الكفاية لكسب أكثر مما يفقد.
وهناك تشابه آخر يمكن العثور عليه في العلاقة بين المشتري وتاجر السيارات المستعملة. قد يقوم تاجر سيارات بتقديم عطاء على سيارة مستعملة بمبلغ أقل من قدرته على إعادة بيع السيارة في السوق. يمكن له أن يحقق ربحا عن طريق شراء السيارة بسعر واحد وبيعه بسعر أكبر. عند تحديد المبلغ الذي هو على استعداد لدفعه، يجب على تاجر افتراض القيمة المستقبلية للسيارة. إذا كان غير صحيح حول كم شخص سيشتري السيارة ل، ثم تاجر سوف تأخذ خسارة على الصفقة. إذا صحیحة، ومع ذلك، تاجر لتقف على تحقيق الربح. من ناحية أخرى، قد يرفض مالك السيارة عرض التاجر الأصلي للسيارة ويطلب مبلغا أكبر من المال، وبالتالي يأتي بين سوق العطاء / المخاطرة. إذا كان التاجر يقيم أن السعر الذي يطلبه المالك للسيارة ما زال يتيح ربحا، فإنه قد يشتري السيارة بغض النظر عن السعر الأعلى. وبالمثل، عندما يقرر صانع السوق ما إذا كان سيدفع (أو يبيع) سعرا على سعر آخر، فإنه لا يحدد القيمة النظرية للخيار فقط، سواء كان الخيار هو التنوب المحدد لأغراض إدارة المخاطر أم لا . قد تكون هناك أوقات يتخلى فيها صانع السوق عن الحافة النظرية أو التجارة مقابل حافة نظرية سلبية لغرض وحيد هو إدارة المخاطر.
قبل الشروع في مناقشتنا للنشاط التجاري لصانع السوق بالتفصيل، دعونا نرجع مرة أخرى إلى تشبيه الكازينو. المنزل في كازينو يستفيد إلى حد كبير من إلمامه بأعمال القمار وسلوك القراصنة. كمؤسسة، فإنه يستفيد أيضا من الحفاظ على مستوى الرأس وبالتأكيد من أن تكون جيدة (إن لم يكن أفضل) أبلغ من رعاة لها عن الخدمات اللوجستية من الألعاب واستراتيجيات للفوز. وبالمثل، يجب أن يكون صانع السوق قادرا على تقييم في لحظة إشعار كيفية الاستجابة لظروف السوق المتنوعة التي يمكن أن تكون ملموسة مثل تغيير في أسعار الفائدة أو غير الملموسة باعتبارها جنون التداول العاطفي على أساس تقرير صحفي. الانضباط والتعليم والخبرة هي أفضل صانع لصانع التأمين. نذكر هنا لأنك، بصفتك مستثمرا فرديا، يمكنك استخدام هذه الإرشادات لمساعدتك على التنافس بحكمة مع صانع السوق وتصبح تاجر الخيارات الناجحة.
صنع السوق كنشاط تجاري.
في القسم السابق، تناولنا بطريقة مفاهيمية، كيف يعمل صانع السوق فيما يتعلق بالسوق (وعلى وجه الخصوص، بالنسبة لك، التاجر الفردي). إن الممارسات الفعلية لصانعي السوق يمليها عدد من المخاوف المتعلقة بالأعمال الأساسية، والتي تتطلب اهتماما دائما طوال يوم التداول. مثل أي صاحب عمل، يجب على صانع السوق اتباع منطق الأعمال، ويجب عليه أن ينظر في الاستخدامات الأكثر حكمة من رأسمالها. هناك عدد من العوامل التي يجب مراعاتها عند تقييم ما إذا كانت تجارة الخيار هي قرار تجاري جيد أو سيئ. في الأساس، الخطوات التي يتخذها صانع السوق هي كما يلي:
1. تحديد القيمة العادلة النظرية الحالية للخيار. (كما ناقشنا، صانع السوق يمكن أن تؤدي هذه المهمة مع استخدام نموذج التسعير الرياضي.)
2. محاولة تحديد القيمة المستقبلية للخيار. شراء الخيار إذا كنت تعتقد أنه سوف تزيد في قيمة أو بيع الخيار إذا كنت تعتقد أنه سوف تنخفض في القيمة. ويتم ذلك من خالل تقييم عوامل السوق التي قد تؤثر على قيمة خيار ما. وتشمل هذه العوامل: أسعار الفائدة تذبذب توزيعات أرباح الأسهم الأساسية.
3. تحديد ما إذا كان يمكن إنفاق رأس المال بشكل أفضل في أماكن أخرى. على سبيل المثال، إذا كانت الفائدة التي تم توفيرها من خلال شراء مكالمة (بدلا من الشراء المباشر للسهم) تتجاوز الأرباح التي كان سيتم استلامها من خلال امتلاك الأسهم، فمن الأفضل لشراء المكالمة.
4. حساب الفائدة الطويلة من الأسهم التي تدفع مقابل اقتراض الأموال من أجل شراء الأسهم والنظر فيما إذا كان من الممكن استثمار الأموال المستخدمة لشراء المخزون الأساسي بشكل أفضل في حساب بفائدة. إذا كان الأمر كذلك، هل شراء خيارات المكالمة بدلا من الأسهم يكون أفضل التجارة؟
5. حساب ما إذا كانت الفائدة المستلمة من بيع الأسهم القصيرة أكثر مواتاة من الشراء على الأسهم الأساسية. هل الجمع بين امتلاك المكالمات وبيع الأسهم الأساسية تجارة أفضل من الشراء المباشر للأموال؟
6. التحقق من الاحتمالات المراجحة. وعلى غرار الخطوة السابقة، تستتبع هذه المهمة تحديد ما إذا كانت تجارة ما أفضل من تجارة أخرى. وفي القسم المتعلق بالمادة التركيبية، استكشفنا إمكانية إنشاء موقع له نفس خصائص الربح / الخسارة كخصائص أخرى باستخدام مكونات مختلفة. في بعض الأحيان، سيكون أكثر فعالية من حيث التكلفة لوضع موقف جماعي. ويستفيد تجار التحكيم من فروق الأسعار بين نفس المنتج في الأسواق المختلفة أو المنتجات المماثلة في نفس السوق. على سبيل المثال، يمكن استغلال الفرق بين الخيار والمخزون الأساسي الفعلي من أجل الربح. وفيما يلي العوامل الثلاثة التي يستند إليها هذا القرار: مستوى الأصل الأساسي. سعر الفائدة.
على سبيل المثال، إذا قمت بشراء خيار اتصال، يمكنك حفظ الفائدة على المال الذي كان لديك لدفع ثمن المخزون الأساسي. على العكس من ذلك، إذا قمت بشراء وضع، تفقد الفائدة الأسهم القصيرة التي يمكن أن تتلقى من بيع الأسهم الأساسية.
معدل توزيعات الأرباح. إذا قمت بشراء خيار الاتصال، تخسر الأرباح التي كنت قد كسبت من خلال عقد الأسهم في الواقع.
7. وأخيرا، تحديد المخاطر المرتبطة تجارة الخيار.
وكما سبق مناقشته، فإن جميع العوامل التي تساهم في سعر الخيار هي عوامل خطر محتملة لموقف قائم. كما نعلم، إذا كانت العوامل التي تحدد سعر خيار تغيير، ثم قيمة خيار سيتغير. ويمكن تخفيف هذه المخاطر المرتبطة بهذه التغيرات من خلال الشراء المباشر أو بيع خيار المقاصة أو المخزون الأساسي. ويشار إلى هذه العملية بالتحوط.
وضع صانع السوق المعقدة.
وكما ذكرنا سابقا، فإن معظم تجارة صانع السوق لا تستند إلى المضاربة في السوق ولكن على الحافة الصغيرة التي يمكن التقاطها في كل صفقة. ولأن صانع السوق يجب أن يتاجر في مثل هذه الأحجام الكبيرة من أجل الاستفادة من الأرباح المجزأة، فإنه يتحتم عليه أن يدير المخاطر الحالية للمركز. على سبيل المثال، من أجل الإبقاء على الحافة المرتبطة بالتجارة، قد يحتاج إلى إضافة إلى الموضع عند الضرورة عن طريق شراء أو بيع أسهم أحد الأصول الأساسية أو عن طريق تداول خيارات إضافية.
في الواقع، فإنه ليس من غير المألوف أنه بمجرد تنفيذ الصفقة، التاجر موقف السوق المعاكس في الأمن الأساسي أو في أي خيارات أخرى متاحة. مع مرور الوقت، يتم إنشاء موقف كبير يتكون من العديد من عقود الخيارات ووضع في المخزون الأساسي. The market maker's job at this point is to continue to trade for theoretical edge while maintaining a hedged position to alleviate risk. In the following section, we will review the basics of risk management in the form of hedging. Although market makers are the masters of hedging, hedged positions are essential for the risk management for all option traders. It will be equally important for you to understand how to use these strategies.
THE TRUMP CARD OF MARKET OPERATORS: HEDGING.
Thus far, we have overviewed the logistics of the market maker's business model and have seen how it functions to both serve the trading public and the market maker simultaneously. Now we will consider how market makers work to secure their edge against the ongoing risks presented to their many positions.
An investor who chooses to invest in a particular market is exposed to the risks that are inherent in that market. The specific risk is high if the investor concentrates on one security only. The more a portfolio is diversified, the lesser the specific risk. Hedging is the most basic strategy that an investor can use in order to guard against loss. A hedge position is taken with the specific intent of lowering risk. As we have learned, option positions are susceptible to more than just simple directional price risks, and therefore, a trader must be concerned with more than simple delta neutral trading. There is risk associated with each of the variables that determine an option's value (from interest rates to time until expiration).
In order to minimize the effect of these risks to an option's value, a trader will establish a position with offsetting characteristics. Just as you hedge a bet by betting against your original bet too a lesser degree, market makers try to take on complementary positions (in stock or options) with characteristics that can potentially buffer against exposure to loss. A hedge, then, is a position that is established for the sole purpose of protecting an existing position.
Determining what risks an option position might be exposed to is one of the first steps towards determining how best to hedge risk. We have learned that six risks are associated with an option position:
Directional risk (delta risk) is the risk that an option's value will change as the underlying asset changes in value. All other factors aside, as the price of an underlying asset decreases, the value of a call will decrease while the price of the put will increase. Conversely, as the underlying asset increases in value, a call will increases in value as the put decreases in value. Delta risk can easily be offset through the purchase or sale of an option or stock with opposing directional characteristics. Directional hedges are illustrated in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1: Delta Effects.
When the Underlying Security .
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
The Long Call will .
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
The Short Call will .
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
The Long Put will .
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
The Short Put will .
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
Table 2: Position hedges.
Long Call Increases in value as the underlying increases in value.
Short Call Decreases in value as the underlying increases in value.
Long Put Decreases in value as the underlying increases in value.
Short Put Increases in value as the underlying decreases in value.
Gamma risk is the risk that the delta of an option will change. The holder of options is long gamma (backspreader) and the seller of options is short gamma (frontspreader). Sometimes referred to as curvature, gamma can be offset through the purchase or sale of options with opposing gammas.
Volatility risk (vega risk) is the risk that the volatility assumption used in pricing the options will change. If the option volatility rises, the value of the calls and puts will increase. The holder of any options might benefit from an increase in volatility whereas the seller might incur a loss. This risk can be offset through the purchase or sale of option contracts that have an opposing vega value. For example, we know that options decrease in value as volatility decreases. Therefore, selling options (that benefit as volatility decreases) might be the best hedge for a trader who is looking to offset vega risk.
Time decay (theta risk) is a positions exposure to the effects of a change in the amount of time remaining to expiration. We know that time moves forward and as it does, the time value of an option decreases. This exposure can be offset through the purchase or sale of options with opposite theta characteristics. The effects of time decay on an options value are illustrated below.
Effects of Theta.
As Time Moves Forward.
Value remains constant.
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
Interest rate risk (rho risk) is negligible to most traders. Its impact can be substantial if a position contains a large amount of long or short stock or long-term options. Decreasing the stock position, replacing stock with options is the most efficient way to reduce rho risk. Remember, longer-term options are more interest rate sensitive.
Dividend risk can be offset through the purchase or sale of options or the underlying stock. An increase in the dividend will make the call decrease in value because the holder of the call does not receive the dividend. In this situation, it is more advantageous to own the underlying asset over owning the call. Conversely, the put will increase in value when the dividend is increased because the short stock seller must pay the dividend to the lender of the stock, which makes owning the put more desirable than shorting the underlying asset.
Table 4 illustrates the effects of changing input variables on an option's theoretical value.
Varying market conditions.
As market conditions change the values of.
Rise in price of the underlying.
Interest rates Rise.
Knowing the risks involved with options trading is the first step to successful trading while hedging these risks to create a profitable position is the second step. We have learned that there are different ways to hedge each trade, providing a market maker with the important task of determining the best hedge possible for each trade he or she executes. Determining which hedge is the best is based on knowing not only the risks of the original trade but also the corresponding risk of the hedge. Observing actual positions under a multitude of conditions is by far the best way to learn the complex nuances of options. The next two chapters will guide the reader through the fundamentals of the marketplace and setting up a trading station, giving the investor the ability to begin trading on his or her own.
HOW TO SELECT AN OPTIONS BROKER.
Once you've made the decision to trade online, it's important to identify a brokerage firm that will meet, and preferably exceed, your expectations. This is especially true in the options trading arena because there are potentially many more factors involved than in a straightforward stock transaction. With stocks, once you have determined what stock to trade, it really becomes a question of how much to buy or sell and when. With options, the decision is much more complicated because the following factors must be considered: Will you buy (or sell) calls or puts? What strike price(s)? What month(s)? What is your strategy?
Given this level of complexity, there are a few important issues to consider before you choose an on-line broker:
Whether an online broker provides real time option quotes is, perhaps, the most important consideration for even semi-serious option traders. On-line brokerage firms, especially those that specialize in stocks, are sometimes lacking in this critical area. While they might be able to provide real time quotes on individual options, the option chains (the charts showing the bid-ask, volume, and other critical information for all strike prices and expirations) are often not accurate.
With the efficiency of the exchanges and the standardization of the contracts, there is no longer a reason for option traders to pay higher commissions on option trades vs. stock trades; it's no more difficult to execute an options trade than it is to execute a stock trade.
Access to Analytics.
Advanced analytical tools like implied volatilities and deltas are important to serious option traders. However, most traditional brokers do not provide customers access to this nformation. Instead, their customers are forced to trade in the dark.
Choosing an exchange (i. e., BSE or NSE)
When options are traded on multiple exchanges, it's often possible to get a slightly better price on one of the exchanges. While these discrepancies don't last very long, 0.50 or 0.25 can make a significant difference on a large block of trade. However, brokerage firms that make it difficult to execute basic spread orders are even less likely to offer customers a choice as to where their trades are executed. In fact, many customers probably aren't even aware of potential price discrepancies across exchanges. For investors who make larger trades, this can be a significant issue.
Before establishing any position it's important to establish a few guidelines for yourself: Are you trading with money you can afford to lose? Is the position you intend to put on sufficiently small that it won't have a major impact on your portfolio? What is your specific objective for this position? ما هي استراتيجية الخروج الخاصة بك؟ What is your downside risk? Are you trading with money you can afford to lose?
The importance of this cannot be overstressed. If you have already earmarked the money for another use, it is not advisable to invest it in a risky position--even for a short term trade. Every day the market extracts money from people who can't afford to lose it. لا يكون واحدا منهم.
Is the position you intend to put on sufficiently small that it won't have a major impact on your portfolio?
This is a guideline novice traders routinely violate. Experienced traders caution people against putting on positions that will have devastating results if the market moves the wrong way. Some traders go so far as to say that positions should be so small that putting them on seems almost meaningless. Typically, the percentage of your portfolio associated with this would be 1/2% to 1%. Keep in mind though that this applies to traders more than long-term investors. This is not to say that investors wouldn't benefit from the same advice. They probably would. It's just that a disciplined approach is particularly beneficial to option traders who could easily lose their entire investment.
What is your specific objective for this position? ما هي استراتيجية الخروج الخاصة بك؟
These issues are inter-related so we will examine them together.
First, whenever you put on a position, it's important to set a price target along with a strategy for what happens when you get there. For example, if you are convinced a particular Internet stock is hugely overvalued (imagine that!) and due for a correction, you might decide to buy a long put either at-the-money or slightly out-of-the-money. If the market behaves as you predict and the price drops, you have to decide how far to let your profits run and at what point to take profits.
If the stock drops 50% and your put is now deep in-the-money, this might be a good time to take profits. On the other hand, if you think the stock is still overvalued, you could buy a slightly out of the money call and let the put ride. For example, if the stock dropped from 250 to 150 and you own the 240 put, you could lock in your profit by buying a 150 call. This way, if the stock goes back up, what you lose in the put will be made up by the call. If the stock continues to drop as you hope, the put will increase in value and the call will expire worthless. Whatever you decide, it's good to have your strategy thought out in advance. This helps to take the emotion out of it.
What is your downside risk?
With option spreads and other advanced strategies, your maximum loss may be more than your initial investment. Before entering into any trade, it's important to know your maximum profit, maximum loss, and break-even. Trading surprises are seldom pleasant.
Modifying and Managing a Position Depending on market conditions, option investors may need to modify their positions either to lock in profits or protect themselves from adverse moves.
Protecting your profits and limiting your losses.
Taking the easiest example, let's imagine you bought a long call and watched with interest as the stock rallied. How can you protect what is now a paper profit? Considering the additional stock commissions involved in exercising the option, we'll disregard this as a strategy and focus on other alternatives. The dilemma whenever a position makes money is when to take profits and when to let profits ride. By selling the call, you lock in profits, but you may miss additional upside. On the other hand, if you sit tight, the stock could pull back below the strike price. In this case, you would lose your additional investment as well as your paper profit. Fortunately, there are other alternatives.
The important point to note is that the riskiest course of action is to do nothing because your initial investment remains at risk along with any paper profits you have generated.
SEVEN MYTHS ABOUT STOCK OPTIONS.
For years, the options market was shrouded in mystery as transactions took place with obscure options dealers who set the prices and terms of options contracts known as Jhota Phatak. The BSE and NSE created "listed options" that became the standard, and option prices were set in an auction market nearly identical to the stock exchanges. For the first time, this allowed the option holder to choose to sell his contract on the open market before it expired.
Trading volume in listed options has exploded in the United States and option trading on more than 1,900 different equities and indices now accounts for the equivalent of 70 million shares of stock trading each day. But many of the myths associated with options have lingered. Unfortunately, these myths have caused many investors to remain on the sidelines while they could be utilizing options profitably or for reducing risk.
90% of Options Expire Worthless.
This "statistic" is often bandied about by those who have no experience trading options. According to the CBOE, about 30% of all options expired worthless -- a far cry from 90%.
Options are Much Riskier Than Stocks or Mutual Funds.
This assumes that the investor is trading options with the same amount of capital that he would devote to stocks or mutual funds. On a "rupee for rupee" basis, options are riskier. Here at STOCKWHIZO Research, we never recommend trading options in this manner. Instead we show our subscribers that options are a cheap way to reduce their overall risk. ماذا؟ First, by limiting their total rupee exposure to a fraction of what they would invest in stocks or mutual funds. Second, by diversifying their options portfolio among different underlying equities. And third, by purchasing both call and put options, since put options are profitable when the underlying stock declines in prices.
Option Sellers Make Profits at the Expense of Option Buyers.
Unlike the gambling casino (or the lottery or the race track) which has built-in percentage advantages for the "house," option trading is a "zero sum game" in which option sellers and buyers are always at a standoff in total. Option buying and selling differ only in the distribution of their outcomes, not in their relative profitability. Although option buyers can have more losing than winning trades, they never lose more than their original investment and their profit potential is unlimited. Option sellers profit most of the time but their potential losses are unlimited. STOCKWHIZO has always been dedicated to maximizing profit potential through option buying -- by taking full advantage of the unlimited profit potential and limited risk of this strategy.
Options are Too Complicated.
Nonsense! Anyone who is familiar with stocks can easily learn how to trade options. The approach to option trading that we use at STOCKWHIZO is very simple. If we are bullish on a stock, we advise you to buy a call option on that stock. For a fraction of the underlying stock price, you "rent" any appreciation in the stock above a particular price for a specified time. If we are bearish on a stock, we advise you to buy a put option. Here you "rent" any decline in the underlying stock below a particular price for a specified time. بكل بساطة!
Stockbrokers Don't Understand Options and are not interested in Options Business.
While this may have been a problem in the beginning, the brokerage landscape will significantly changed for the better. A number of brokerage firms now specialize exclusively in options. Many large brokers will become "option trader friendly." As time passes by with experience. Some traditional full-service firms will developed expertise in options and the desire for options business. While we do not recommend any specific firm, STOCKWHIZO subscribers receive a list of firms that are interested in options business and have the expertise to meet the needs of option traders.
You can't Beat the "Option Pricing Model."
Since options are a "zero-sum game," and option prices are based upon a mathematical "option pricing model," some say it is impossible to profit from buying options in the long run. WE STRONGLY DISAGREE. First, prices for exchange-listed options are set in the marketplace by buyers and sellers, although the computerized pricing models do exert a strong influence. But more importantly, these models are based upon the mistaken assumption that all stock price movement is "random." Clearly, there are always certain stocks that are moving in well-defined price trends, as opposed to moving randomly. If you can identify those stocks whose price trends are likely to continue, you can beat the option pricing model! Much of our research has been devoted to developing indicators to determine stocks that will continue moving in such price trends, so our subscribers can profit from buying undervalued options on these stocks.
Options Trading Requires Too Much Time.
Amateurs are rarely successful trading options because they don't have the time, information, expertise or the discipline to compete in this fast-moving market. But STOCKWHIZO subscribers have a big edge over these amateurs. First, our staff of professionals here at STOCKWHIZO Research have the information and expertise to make you a successful options trader. And second, we give you the disciplined trading rules that help you make big money and also minimize your time commitment to your options trading! We tell you how much to pay, when, and at what price to sell. And you can often leave these instructions with your broker, so your options portfolio can appreciate on "automatic pilot!"
Anyone seriously interested in trading would do well to buy a copy of Jack Schwager's books Market Wizards The New Market Wizards. Through interviews and conversations with America's top traders, Jack extracts the wisdom that separates successful traders from those who, through their trading, simply add to the wealth of successful traders.
Keeping Your Trades Small.
One of the key factors mentioned by almost every good trader is discipline. Discipline, as you might imagine, takes a variety of forms. For beginning traders, one of the toughest challenges is to keep trades small. Believe it or not, more than a few top traders don't allow any one position to account for more than 1% of their total portfolio. Professionals attribute much of their success to managing risk in this way. Limiting Your Losses.
Another aspect of trading that involves discipline is limiting your losses. Here, there isn't a magic formula that works for everyone. Instead, you have to determine your own threshold for pain. Whatever you decide, stick to it. One of the biggest mistakes people make is to take a position with the intention that it be a short-term trade. Then, when the position goes against them, they make a seamless and unprofitable transition from trader to long-term investor. More than a few people have gone broke waiting for the trend to reverse so they could get out at break-even. If you are going to trade, you have to be willing to accept losses--and keep them limited!
Another mistake novice traders make is getting out of profitable positions too quickly. If the position is going well, it isn't healthy to worry about giving it all back. If that's a concern, you might want to liquidate part of the position or use options to lock in your profit. Then, let the rest of it ride.
It isn't uncommon for people to view trading as a fast-paced, exciting endeavor. Fast-paced? إطلاقا. Exciting? Now that's a matter of opinion.
The Importance of Remaining Cool-Tempered.
More than a few traders interviewed in The New Market Wizards emphasize the importance of remaining unemotional and cool-tempered. To these people, trading is a game of strategy that has nothing to do with emotion. Emotion, for these traders, would only cloud their judgment.
In the book Jack talks about one trader who was extremely emotional. Although Jack was able to show him how to be less emotional and more detached, it became quickly apparent didn't enjoy being emotionally unattached. He found it boring. Unfortunately, emotion involvement in trading comes at a high price. Before too long, that trader went broke. The morale of the story is simple: If you insist on being emotionally attached to your trading, be prepared to be physically detached from your money.
Acceptance and Responsibility.
One of the biggest mistakes traders can make is to agonize over mistakes. To beat yourself up for something you wish you hadn't done is truly counterproductive in the long run. Accept what happens, learn from it and move on. For the same reason, it's absolutely crucial to take responsibility for your trades and your mistakes. If you listen to someone else's advice, remember that you, and you alone, are responsible if you act on the advice.
Another Way to View Losses.
Perhaps the most striking example of emotional distance in trading is a reaction to positions that go against thinking to yourself, "Hmmm, look at that." If only we could all be that calm! Of all the emotions we could possibly experience, fear and greed are possibly the two most damaging.
Of all the emotions that can negatively impact your trading, fear may be the worst. According to many of the traders interviewed in The New Market Wizards, trading with scared money is an absolute recipe for disaster. If you live with the constant fear that the position will go against you, you are committing a cardinal sin of trading. Before long, fear will paralyze your every move. Trading opportunities will be lost and losses will mount. To help deal with your fear, keep in mind what fear is.
False Evidence Appearing Real.
The flip side of fear is confidence. This is a quality that all great traders have in abundance. Great traders don't worry about their positions or dwell on short-term losses because they know they will win over the long term. They don't just think they'll win. And they don't just believe they'll win. They KNOW they'll win. It should never bother to lose, because one should always believe that one would make it right back. That's what it takes.
For many traders, sharing opinions and taking a particular stance only magnifies the stress. As a result, they begin to fear being wrong as much as they fear losing money. Although it may be one of the hardest lessons to learn, the ability to change your opinion without changing your opinion of yourself is an especially valuable skill to acquire. If that's too hard to do, the alternative may prove much easier: Don't talk about your trades.
Greed is a particularly ugly word in trading because it is the root cause of more than a few problems. It's greed that often leads traders to take on positions that are too large or too risky. It's greed that causes people to watch once profitable positions get wiped out because they never locked in profits and instead watched the market take it all back.
Part of the remedy for greed is to have, and stick to, a trading plan. If you faithfully set and adjust stop points, you can automate your trading to take the emotion out of the game. For example, let's say you are long the 150 calls in a stock that rises more rapidly than you ever expected. With the stock at 240, the dilemma is fairly obvious. If you sell the calls, you lock in the profit but you eliminate any additional upside potential. Rather than sell the calls, you might buy an equal number of 230 puts. The Rs.90 profit per call that you just locked in will more than offset the cost of the puts. At the same time, you've left yourself open to additional upside profit.
Another strategy successful traders use is to gradually get in and out of positions. In other words, rather than putting on a large trade all at once, buy a few contracts and see how the position behaves. When it's time to get out, you can use the same strategy. Psychologically, the problem people have implementing this strategy is that it takes away the "right" and "wrong" of the decision making process. It's impossible to be completely right or completely wrong using this strategy because, by definition, some of the trades will be put on at a better price than others.
For professional traders especially, instincts often play a crucial role in trading. To truly appreciate this, just close your eyes and imagine making trades in a fast market with dozens if not hundreds of people screaming around you. In this environment, it becomes absolutely essential to maintain a high level of awareness about everything going on around you. Then, to have the confidence to pull the trigger when necessary, you have to trust your instincts. It's absolutely amazing to see how some professional traders, even in a busy market, know exactly who is making what trades. For these traders, expanded awareness is often a necessary prerequisite to fully developing and trusting their instincts.
The same is true for professional traders as well. Watching how markets behave and developing a feel for the price fluctuations is truly time well spent. Unfortunately, in this era of technology, people have become so removed from their natural instincts that many are no longer in touch with their intuition. This is unfortunate because intuition functions as a wonderful inner guidance system for those who know how to use it.
One trader interviewed by Jack Schwager in The New Market Wizards relies so heavily on his intuition that he didn't want his name in the book for fear his clients would be uncomfortable with his strategy and move their money elsewhere. Speaking anonymously, he described in detail how he establishes a rhythm and "gets in sync" with the markets. In this way, he has learned to distinguish between what he "wants to happen" and what he "knows will happen." In his opinion, the intuition knows what will happen. With this knowing, the ideal trade is effortless. If it doesn't feel right, he doesn't do it.
When he doesn't feel in sync with the markets, this trader will paper trade until he feels back in rhythm. But even here, he keeps his ego and emotion out of it. His definition of out of sync is completely quantifiable. Being wrong three times in a row is out of sync. Three mistakes and it's back to the paper trading. Now there's a strategy almost everyone can benefit from.
Trading is a performance-oriented discipline and every great athlete, trader, or Performer will occasionally hit performance blocks. Every Olympic contender trained hard physically, but the difference between the ones who made the Olympic team and those who did not was the emphasis put on mental coaching by the winners. Much of a trader's early education is concentrated on strategies and market analysis. But what are the necessary ingredients for peak performance? What are the tools for both mastering the mental side of the game and busting out of the inevitable slumps that can occur along the way?
First - what is the mindset necessary for peak performance? How does one ultimately get in the groove? There is no better feeling than being in the "flow" - especially with trading. That is what many of us live for and what keeps us in the game, because trading can be a very tough business with long hours. There are several key common ingredients when you are performing your best, no matter what the field.
EXPECT success. It begins initially with your self-talk. Do you get down on yourself when you make a mistake? - or do you say to yourself - next time I will do better because I have great trade management and am a superior trader! Be your own best motivator and believer in yourself. Positive Self Talk leads to positive BELIEFS. If you believe you can do something, you WILL eventually find a way. When you have a positive belief system that the eventual outcome will be OK, then you are more mentally and physically relaxed. You then have better concentration, which leads to smoother execution, which of course leads to peak performance.
Now, on the flip side of the coin, negative self-talk sows seeds of doubt. This lowers self-confidence, which leads to a negative belief system. This then creates anxiety, which leads to disrupted concentration. Now the trader becomes tense and tentative which in turn leads to poor performance. Talk about a vicious cycle!
SECRETS OF TOP TRADING PERFORMANCE.
KEY INGREDIENTS TO PERFORMING YOUR BEST.
You must be passionate about what you are doing and having fun. Passion first, then performance.
Top performance comes from having a high degree of confidence. You must have the confidence that you can take control and face adversity. You must also be confident that you will have a favorable outcome over time.
Peak performance comes from exceptional CONCENTRATION. You must concentrate on the process, though, not the outcome. A sprinter who is in the lead is thinking about the wind on their face, how relaxed their arms are, feeling the perfect stride they are totally in the moment. The person who does NOT have the edge is thinking, "Oh, that runner is pulling ahead of me I don't know if I have enough wind to catch the leader " They are tense and tight because they are thinking about the outcome, not the process.
Great performances come from being able to rebound quickly and forget about mistakes.
Great performance comes from pushing yourself and trying to overcome limitations. Staying in the safe zone becomes a monkey on your back. Challenge yourself to take that hard trade. Manage it. If it does not work out, so what your risk was limited and you can pat yourself on the back for taking the hard trade in the first place.
Great performance comes from turning off the brain and becoming automatic. This is being in the Zone in the groove. You can't overanalyze the markets during the trading day.
When you are relaxed, your reflexes and timing are superior because you are loose.
There are some concrete tools to break the cycle and bust out of the slump? The number one tool for starters is POSITIVE SELF TALK. We all talk to ourselves in our own head. Be aware of the things you are saying to yourself. The written word is also a powerful tool. Read affirmations and books on positive thinking. Norman Vincent Peale, Napoleon Hill . Arnold Schwarzenagger's autobiography are a few. Richard Marcinko wrote a book called the Rogue Warrior. He talked about the Will to WIN and the belief that ANY circumstances could be overcome. This is a great inspirational book for traders. Next - act like you are already where you want to be. Assume the mannerisms, posture and talk of a top trader. In addition to self-talk and reading written words, develop mental pictures. Visualize what you are going to do with your wealth or how it is that you want to live. Think of the power that money would give you to start any organization you want or to make other people's lives better. Visualize your dream house. Program your subconscious as though you are already there. Dare to dream.
OK - talk, words and pictures what is next? Look at your environment that you have surrounded yourself with. Your success in trading will also be a product of your environment and I am not just talking about office space. Look at the people you surround yourself with. Do they support your activities? Surround yourself with people who believe in you, who smile, and who are enthusiastic in anything they try or do. The top Olympic athletes had friends and family cheering them on every step of the way.
BE PREPARED FOR A SURPRISE EVERYDAY!
All of the above factors deal with external factors and internal belief systems. Now let's get down to the DOING part! Every trader should be prepared before the markets open because they already did their homework - right?! One of the most impressive points in the Rogue Warrior book was this veteran navy seal's obsession for being totally prepared for Mr. Murphy! There was always a backup plan for everything and this is what kept him alive. Prepare your daily game plan by looking for both new setups and preparing strategies for managing existing positions.
So, assuming that you have done your daily homework as a trader, the next step is to learn how to get into the groove. There is no better tool for this than having routines and rituals. Pre-market rituals help calm the nerves, get you into a rhythm, and also help to turn off the logical part of your brain - the part that wants to overanalyze everything. If you have a chattering monkey sitting behind your ear, routines and rituals are one of the best things to shut that monkey up. Maybe there is an opening sequence of tasks you do before the market opens. Perhaps in the middle of the day you draw swing charts or take periodic readings of the market's action. Maybe you keep a journal and make notes to yourself. At the end of the day, what type of record keeping do you do for your trading activity? What do you do to unwind? Salesmen are taught to do small rituals before cold calling clients. It controls the anxieties and fears of rejection. Cricket opening Batsmen have a pre-warm up ritual. It calms their minds and puts their body on the autopilot mode. It keeps them involved in the PROCESS and not thinking about the outcome. One of the more common rituals on the trading floors was to wear the same disgusting lucky tie every day. If the mind BELIEVED that the tie was lucky, this was all the traders needed to keep the long term odds in their favor.
Here is another helpful factor: A healthy body keeps a healthy mind. EXERCISE! This gets oxygen to the brain and keeps the blood flowing. How can you expect to be a peak performer when you are eating junk food and going through insulin swings? Or perhaps you drank too much wine the night before or are jittery from drinking too much coffee. How can you concentrate well if you are not getting a full decent night's sleep? Sure, most of these are minor factors but they can all add up to major bumps in your performance. One moment of sloppiness can lead to forgetting to place stops or letting a bad trade go too long. Then when damage is done, your confidence gets chipped away. You must treat your confidence level as something to be protected. Good habits will keep your confidence level high. Once you have good habits, it will allow you to increase your trading size.
If you want to push yourself to the next level in your trading and are wondering how to increase your size, you MUST have a foundation of good habits. If you are running into a mental block in this area, it is your subconscious's way of telling you that either you have not done adequate preparation or you are not satisfied with your money management habits.
There is one more extremely important thing that contributes to your success and that is GOAL SETTING. When you set your goals, they must be concrete and measurable. You must also break them down into bite size pieces. Perhaps your larger goal is to make 8 digits over the next three years, but how do you get there? Put together a more detailed business plan that is NOT Rupee oriented but will help you eventually reach your Rupee-oriented goal. Maybe it includes how many trades you should make per week, how much time you should devote each evening to preparation and studying charts, and plans for controlling risk. Both short term and long term goals help achieve peak performance.
You must also have concrete ways to measure those goals. Top cricketers know the splits that they run. They know if they are ON or OFF according to how practice goes. They know their unforced error percentage, their personal best, and their competition's stats. The same should apply to you in your trading. Know your weekly win/loss ratios, your trade frequency, and the average amount of profit or loss each month. Only by having something to measure can you tell if you are improving or not and moving closer to your goal!
The battleground isn't the markets but what's within you. The more you talk with other traders, the more you realize that everyone goes through various common experiences. Everyone makes many of the same classic mistakes. But what distinguishes the ones who can ultimately overcome them?
Remember that ATTITUDE is everything. How you frame out an individual experience or event will affect your success in the long run. Do you see a trading loss or bad drawdown period as a major setback, or do you see it as a learning experience from which you can figure out how to be on the RIGHT side of a trade instead of the wrong side the next time around. Many great traders use periods after drawdowns to go back to the drawing board. Some of the best systems and trading ideas have come after periods of adversity. What incentive is there to learn and improve ourselves when everything is smooth sailing and we are fat and happy? But when times are tough, that is when we can rise to the occasion and prove that we can overcome any obstacle set down in our path. So many great athletes have been able to come from behind when they are down because they have learned how to seize that one opening or opportunity and CONVERT. They latch on to the tiniest shift in momentum and milk it for all it is worth. Latch on to that next winning trade and convert. The first small moral victory is the first step towards reaching the top of Mt. قمة افرست. And if you keep making small steady steps, you will eventually reach the top. Sometimes for a trader, the greatest feeling in the world can be making back those losses, no matter how long it takes, because once you have done that, you realize you can do anything.
The most successful players are the ones who have a burning desire to win.
Don't check out of the game. Never give up!
Improve your consistency. Stay active, stay involved, and keep your feet moving.
كن صبوراً. Do not force a trade that isn't there. Wait for the play to set up.
When you get a good trade, go for it. Manage it. Trail a stop. Don't be too eager to get out.
Be flexible - if what you are doing isn't working, change what you are doing!
When down, get a little rhythm and confidence going. Don't worry about being too ambitious.
Stay with your game. Don't let outside distractions bother you. They take energy and break your concentration.
Match your particular strengths to the type of market conditions.
Hate making stupid mistakes and unforced errors. This includes not getting out of a bad trade when you know you are wrong.
Many players will play their best game when they are coming from behind.
Copyright 2001 by Hiten Jhaveri, StockWhizo Investments. جميع الحقوق محفوظة في جميع أنحاء العالم.

Learn How To Trade Options For Monthly Income.
Do You Know You Can Make Money Trading Options Without Leaving Your Job?
In short: You will get 5 Option & Future strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month (your results may differ), plus my support for next six months. If you have any doubts even while live trading you can ask me. You also get a Basic Option Course to know about Option Greeks. If you want, I will make the first trade for you. Fees details here.
How many times have you traded options and futures and lost money? If you are trading on hope you are losing money. If you are trading direction you are surly losing money. Because when you cannot predict your own future how can you predict the direction of a stock? What if you learn a trade where predicting direction of a stock is NOT required? Yes money can be make trading options and futures even without knowing or predicting the direction. It is called NON-Directional Trading. On top of that there is a way to buy insurance for a trade to keep your capital protected.
Before reading further just see one testimonial from one of my client who did the course. See his one month profit – Rs.4.05 Lakhs – Your results may vary.
Testimonial by Ravindra from Pune – 10.65% Profit Intraday Rs.4.05 Lakhs in Directional Strategy of My Course – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Rs.16.26 Lakh profit on Rs.38 Lakh margin blocked. 42.78% return in 5 trading days – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Email for Six Months is Rs. 5000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Email only till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & FREE Support on Phone, WhatsApp and Email for Six Months is Rs.6000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Phone + WhatsApp + Email till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
Course Explained:
Total 5 strategies: You get two conservative non-directional option trading strategies which are profitable 80% of the times. You also get two directional conservative strategies to trade when markets are moving fast due to news. You NEED NOT be correct in predicting the direction. The trade makes money in BOTH directions. You also get one great stock option strategy.
Losses are limited, small and manageable. These strategies can make good money every month. To know exactly how much you can make please contact me.
Strategy 1) Very conservative: Non-Directional Nifty Options. You have to trade this every month. This trade benefits from time decay of both Calls and Puts. As you know Nifty is mostly range-bound, so you win. When it trends a lot then we take a stop-loss of just 1% because of the hedge and we go to Strategy 2 to recover our money. The hedge will save you from a big loss. Most of the times this trade will be in profit.
Strategy 2) Conservative: To be played only when stop-loss is hit in Strategy 1. I have developed a plan to ensure that even if you take a stop loss in Strategy 1 – the Strategy 2 will give you back that money plus some more in profits. لماذا ا؟ Because for Nifty has to travel 1000 points one direction in 40-60 days, which is near impossible. Which means combine Strategy 1 and 2 – there will be rarely a loss. Success rate of this strategy is 90%. We will double the number of lots here so that losses are recovered and you make a small profit.
IMP NOTE: Strategy 1 and Strategy 2 combined you will rarely see a loss month in years. The above two strategies itself is worth the course fee. If you are losing money its highly recommended that you do this course. Rest of the strategies can make more but are slightly aggressive.
Strategy 3) Aggressive: Stock Options. Only when a stock gives us an excellent opportunity to trade. I will tell you how to know that. It makes good money if stop loss in NOT hit. When you call me I will tell you how much you can make. If stop loss is hit it is even better as the money goes into triple leverage – it makes money from three places. If stop loss is hit, there is a proper way to recover loss plus make the same profit if the trade did not hit stop loss. Until recovery you keep getting some money as monthly income. Since the recovery and profits is almost certain, I call it the no loss strategy. You will need some cash if stop loss is hit. This is a great trade for traders who have lot of stocks in their Demat account.
Strategy 4 and Strategy 5 are the Directional Aggressive Strategies where Futures is hedged with Options. If correct Futures makes money if wrong Options make money. Here if you are badly wrong in Futures you can make very good profits. If correct you still make money.
When you know that losses are less and profits more, you can be fearless in compounding your money over the years to make good money .
Note: When there is volatility you should take small risks to increase returns from your account. To help you make more money I will also tell you 2 conservative directional strategies that involves Future trading with options hedging. These strategies make more if you are right, but lose less if you are wrong. If you are horribly wrong, you will make a lot of money. 🙂 One of my clients made 38% return* in one month in this strategy even when he was wrong. You will know his trade as well. *Results may vary for users.
Another benefit of this directional strategy is that as the position is properly hedged you need not take a stop-loss. Like I said, you can decide when to take the profits. This trade makes money both sides, so you can just wait for the right time to take your profits out. You lose money only if Nifty movement is very slow for a full 30 days. How many times does that happen?
After the trading course I will give support for a few months from the date of order of course. How many people give this kind of service?
Why I Started This Website & Course?
I see that lot of traders are fooled by tips providers / advisory services – me too – I lost 7 lakhs trading their tips and speculative trades myself from 2007-2018. Well no more, because I took to learning stock trading myself seriously and today am happy I lost that money because it was that failure that made me the person I am today.
Are you interested in getting a 5 day free course to learn trading options properly? If yes, submit your email in the form below. The course will start from tomorrow for next 5 days, delivered directly to you email. Read at your own leisure.
11 Reasons Why You Should Do This Course:
1. Technical Analysis Knowledge NOT required – Read to know why I do not believe in Technical Analysis. But it good for Back Testing. See one of my client did back testing on my strategies and he found it working well in all market conditions.
3. Regular Monitoring NOT Required – Stock trading is not watching stocks.
4. Continue with Your Job – Yes just because you are trading does not mean you have to leave your job.
5. Do Course From Your Home – Why go anywhere when due to Internet we can still be connected?
6. 100% Hedged – This is PURE INSURANCE Trading.
7. Stress-Free Trading – Making money should not come with stress.
8. Scaling Possible – As you age you will have more money, and if you are a good trader it is always better to trade with more money.
9. One Time Fee – Its a course not tips that you have to pay every-month and lose.
Testimonial by a Technical Analyst an Expert Trader – Results may vary for users:
60% Profit Using Just Strategy 1 In A Financial Year – Results may vary for users:
He is owner of a very popular trading software company:
Testimonial by Housewife Trader – Results may vary for users:
How The Course Is Conducted?
This is the first question traders ask me when they call me. I do not call anyone, traders interested in the course call me. And this is the first question they ask. Here is how the course is conducted:
Step 1. You will read below that you will get 5 conservative option and future strategies and one bonus trade done by my client to get more returns than I ever thought was possible once you enroll for the course. Details on the strategies is written below.
Step 2. If you feel like doing the course you pay the course fee. Click here to know the course fee – it will open in a new window. Please read, it is not high at all, in fact it is less than your one loss.
Step 3. Once the fee is paid you inform me by contacting me here or on whatsapp on my number 9051143004. Please tell me your name, email, and payment details.
Step 4. Within 24 hours of the payment I will send you the strategies in your email. I have myself written these strategies in 4 PDF files which I will send as an attachment to your email.
Step 5. You can read these strategies whenever you want when free. Please read twice before asking me questions.
Step 6. Though it is written in a easy to understand language, it is obvious you may have doubts. After reading twice please ask me questions and clear your doubts. No one in India gives that much time as a service to educate proper hedging strategies to help you become a better trader, for a one time fee. Most of them ask upwards of Rs.30,000 or a monthly fee. Here you just have to pay only once.
Step 7. If you paid only for email support you can ask questions via email. If you paid for all three support you can clear your doubts via email, whatsapp and phone. If the questions are long please email as you will have the backup, if short please whatsapp, if instant please call.
Step 8. Support will be till the time written in the fee details page.
Step 9. From next day onward you will start getting emails to help you know what strategy to trade and what may happen to the stock markets. These emails are not sent to free email subscribers. These emails are not advisory service or tip providing service, they are given to help you become a better trader and trade the correct strategy.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Email for Six Months is Rs. 5000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Email only till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Phone, WhatsApp and Email for Six Months is Rs.6000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Phone + WhatsApp + Email till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
How Much Can You Make If you Do My Options and Futures Course?
You see not all traders are same. So some will get exceptional returns and some average. Like This – Ravi Excellent Trader Makes Rs. 16.26 Lakhs Profit in 5 Days – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين. See the proof of 5 days trading profits made by him:
روبية. 16.26 Lakhs profits on Rs. 38 Lakhs margin blocked. 42.78% return in 5 trading days – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
First Trade according to my strategy with amazing profits:
Testimonial by Ravindra – 10.65% Profit Intraday Rs.4.05 Lakhs in Directional Strategy of My Course – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Click here to see his profits day by day. Please remember that results are typical and may vary from trade to trade. Such amazing profits are not possible in every trade. The trader has written on how he achieved such amazing results. Click here to read his white paper.
Very Imp Disclaimer: These results like 10.65% profit are typical and its not guaranteed that every trade will produce the same or similar results. However the hedging methods in the course will help you to take such aggressive trades even with a lot of cash, because you know that capital protection is there no matter what. Smart traders will always make more.
Want to see more testimonials? I would request you to read testimonials and reviews of the course by real traders here – and see how they are making good profits. (Results may vary for users.)
Another trader who is not a full time trader with amazing returns:
Testimonial by Mr. Inder – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
If you subscribe for this course, you will get his trade details and know how he made such a good return in such a short time.
NOTE: Mr. Inder’s trade will be given as bonus to all paid subscribers of the course the same day along with all other strategies. Both Ravi and Mr. Inder are still doing good with the directional but hedged strategies written in my course. As Mr. Inder has no issues sharing his trade this is given as a bonus to all paid subscribers to improve their returns. His idea needs a little bit of practice, then you can improve your returns from trading this strategy. It may take some time but with efforts results will show.
NOTE: Mr. Inder traded the conservative directional strategy in the course. 11% return in 1 trade is typical and may not happen in every trade. Testimonial was sent without asking as a comment. Mr. Inder made a total profit of 37.8% on margin blocked. He made MORE when he was WRONG in his Future trade. If you take the course I will send his real trades for your learning and proof. Not every trade can bring such results. Your results may differ.
Before reading further please understand, and I hope you will agree with me that, education helps for life not one or two days . By getting tips you not only lose money but also time. In the end you learn nothing and get frustrated. Therefore education is more important than tips . How many people who have taken tips have become very rich trading stock markets by taking tips? NONE . But people like Warent Buffet (the BEST stock trader the world has ever produced), are highly educated and never take tips. These people invest money only in knowledge to become better traders. You went to school for education, therefore you got a good job. Imagine the return on investment education gives. Today your six month’s salary is much more than your entire fee of school and college. This is the return on investment knowledge can give .
I have been trading options successfully since 2018. Before that I was losing money trading the stock markets, because I lacked knowledge of trading. From 2007 to 2018 I lost more than Rs.7 lakhs which was 100% of my savings. I did a lot of mistakes while trading. You can read my mistakes here and know the common trading mistakes traders do. You can read some option strategies written by me here. All are written with real option premium provided by NSE at the time of writing. I also try to help my email subscribers trade well through my free newsletters for life which you can sign up here:
I offer an Options and Futures trading course to help you trade profitably: You Learn How To Trade Non-Directional Option Strategies “Conservatively” For Monthly Income with Peace of Mind!
Here Are Some Benefits Of My Course, There Are More Actually But You Will Know Only After You Do It.
No need to go anywhere, you can do this course from your home Technical Analysis (TA) knowledge is NOT required NO Software Required Strike Selection will be Taught NO need to monitor your trades every second or minute or even for hours, so, You can continue with your job/business while the trades make money for you in the background, Last 2 years back-testing done strategies work in MOST market conditions, You need Rs. 75,000/- only to start trading my strategies, but the more the better to get the benefit of compounding, Pay once, learn and trade yourself profitably for life, so, NO need to depend on so called “Tips Providers” and lose money trading their tips (I have lost too) I will support you personally to understand the strategies well on email, phone and whatsapp. No one in the World does that for such a low price. I want you to become a better trader after the course that’s my aim and I will work hard to make sure it happens. For more information Email me, or Call/WhatsApp me on: 9051143004.
Important Features – These are some of the most common questions asked by traders.
Q 1. What is the accuracy of your strategies?
أنس & # 8211؛ You see this is stock trading. Risk is there but because the strategies are properly hedged, risk is reduced considerably. Accuracy is 75-80%. Risk is low because its hedged and planned disciplined trading, therefore it gets reduced to 2% on margin blocked.
Q 2. How much draw-down can come in my trading account if I trade the strategies?
أنس & # 8211؛ As written earlier: 2%-3% max.
Q 3. Is it for intraday or positional trading? If positional what happens in gap up or gap down next day?
أنس & # 8211؛ Its not intraday, its positional. The strategies are properly hedged, so basically you become a broker. You lose in one hand and gain in another hand. It is only the difference that you pay. Sleep well in the night, do not worry. Proper hedging will take care of your hard earned money. That is why even in huge gap up or gap down, you will lose maximum of 2-3% on margin blocked.
Q 4. Does your strategy provide clear entry, exit, stop loss and risk management?
أنس & # 8211؛ نعم إنها كذلك. In fact you are paying exactly for this. Strike selection (here is where most traders go wrong in options trading), Buy or Sell which strike, Call or Put, When to Enter & When to Exit with Profits, Where exactly to take a Stop Loss, What to do after taking a Stop Loss to Get Your Money Back (Strategy 2), How to Hedge Options with Options, How to Hedge Futures with Options, etc. A lot of things are there in the course to learn. The aim of the course is to make you a good trader for life, not just one or two days.
Q 5. Can I make Option Trading as Full Time Business? If yes then how much capital I need to invest?
أنس & # 8211؛ You see stock trading is a business like any other business. Even when you open a shop at least Rs.50 lakh is required. 3-5% per month is what you make on blocked margin. It depends on how much you want to make per month to earn a living. Now this is simple interest mathematics. That said some traders, as you have seen above, like Ravi and Inder are doing much better. In fact these kinds of students are doing better than me and make me proud. If you can also enter that league, it will be great, and you will also make me proud.
Q 6. How much return can I expect consistently if I follow your strategy with all rules?
أنس & # 8211؛ Over one year period, anywhere from 30% to 40% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). Please note that your results may vary depending on after doing my course, how good a trader you become.
Q 7. Is it true that some signal providers from some states have inside information? Therefore normal retail traders like us find it difficult to make money trading?
أنس & # 8211؛ I do not know, neither am interested to know who has inside information or not. All I know is that if you have a proper planning and correct method and knowledge to trade, no one can stop you to make money trading.
Q 8. Maximum how much I can invest if I want to trade in nifty options?
أنس & # 8211؛ Maximum investment is your choice but to trade my strategies at least 75k is required.
Q 9. Can I trade anywhere or only in Nifty Options using your strategies? Because I want to trade Bank Nifty Weekly Options and Stock Options too?
أنس & # 8211؛ You see the logic of the trade is important. Once you learn the correct method to trade you can trade anywhere whether it is Bank Nifty Weekly Options, Bank Nifty Monthly Options, or Stock Options.
Conservative Hedged Options and Futures Course – Who Can Do This Course?
You can do the course if you just know the Basics of Options and Futures , like what margin is blocked when we buy an option and how much is blocked when we sell an option. What is difference between buying and selling options, and what is Futures trading. This info is enough to do the course. No high technical knowledge required to do the course. Strike selection, when to enter and exit, all is well written in very easy to understand language in the course. Even if you do not know, just email me after enrolling for the course and I will send you two great basic options links for more knowledge and better trading.
If you do not know Basics of Options do not worry I will help you know basics of options for free. To get the basics of options please fill the form below I am willing to help you for free:
Subscribe to My FREE Newsletter to Get 5 Day Free Course on Option and a Basic Option Course for FREE:
Testimonial by Aditi A Housewife – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
WhatsApp Testimonial by Menon – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Find 100+ testimonials in these pages:
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Email for Six Months is Rs. 5000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Email only till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Phone, WhatsApp and Email for Six Months is Rs.6000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Phone + WhatsApp + Email till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
What You Get In the Course?
قبل القراءة يرجى نفهم أن لجميع الاستراتيجيات 5، وسيتم تدريس اختيار الإضراب. اختيار الإضراب في حين تداول الخيارات هو الجزء الأكثر أهمية لتحقيق النجاح.
You get 5 option strategies: 2 conservative non-directional, 1 conservative stock option and 2 aggressive directional trades – and support from me to help you understand and trade the strategies well. I can give support because I believe in my strategies. The course has trades for all type of traders: non-directional are for people who are in a job or busy, stock option is for people who love to trade stocks and directional is for aggressive traders. Please read full to understand what you get and the risks and rewards involved in the strategies. ALL strategies have limited losses as they are 100% hedged and probability of success is more.
Stock Option Trade that is done once a month. It either makes a profit or hits stop loss on expiry day. If there is a profit there is nothing to be done. If there is a loss you will learn how to recover that loss and get into profits again. You also learn triple leverage i. e. money making money from three places.
Directional Conservative Trade is a combination of Future and options. Basically its a game of Delta. When right in Future, of course you make money. When wrong the Delta of options increases more than the Future – so you make money. It means you make money whether you are right or wrong. For example one of my clients made 37.8% return in April 2018 in the directional strategy. Please understand that results may vary for users.
You will learn how hedge options – so losses if any will be small and limited. If one option loses money, some other makes money. Overtime the non-directional trades win 80% of the times. So you should be in good profit at the end of the year. I also request you to Call/WhatsApp me: 9051143004 or email me to know more. Everyone’s situation is different. I can understand your situation only if you contact me.
WhatsApp Testimonial by Manish – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Why Should You Do This Course From Me?
سؤال جيد. When there are thousands out there selling their strategies why should you buy this course from me? I can understand your concern. I am myself a trader. I lost huge money trading – almost 7 lakhs at a time when I was going through financial difficulties. And to rub salt in the wound, I also lost my job. Once things got settled, I devoted my time on reading options. That made me a conservative trader. My profits are small, but at least I am making profits. Then to share my knowledge and to help traders make money, I opened this website. I am sure you must have read a few strategies written by me. If I can write such good strategies for free, there must be something better in my paid strategies. I offer support for a few months from the date of order for free because I want you to make money trading. I charge a small fee to share some of the best conservative and aggressive strategies and to offer you support. One more thing, my 15,000+ newsletter subscribers trust me and I cannot afford to break their trust.
Testimonial by Sankar – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Note: I trade these strategies in a very different way than what is mostly found online or traders do. Proper entry and exit rules are defined and its done in a very disciplined way. That is why traders are making money. You can find 100+ testimonials in these pages:
Links to All Course Testimonials Pages:
Testimonial by Deepak – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Course also includes my support for months, it includes Email, Phone and WhatsApp support. I offer support to make sure you understand my strategies well, hedging Options and Futures well, remove Greed and Fear (the biggest enemies of a trader) from your body and mind while trading and learn to live A Peaceful Life with Consistent Profits. Instant online payment is possible. For more information click here.
How Much Money Do You Need To Trade These Strategies?
To trade the non-directional strategies you will need only Rs. 75,000/- in your trading account. For the directional strategies you will need only Rs. 60,000/- in your trading account.
If you have more cash you can trade the conservative stock option. You will learn triple leverage – which means money making money from three places.
You can start trading from any day, it has nothing to do with expiry. Technical Analysis knowledge is NOT required.
To know how this course can help you its best to Call/WhatsApp me: 9051143004. Feel comfortable and call, I am not one of those professional guys. 🙂
كيف تعمل؟
2. You SMS/WhatsApp/Email me your name, email, city, fee paid and bank name.
3. The same day I send you the course materials in your email.
4. You read the strategies at home and take support from me to understand them.
5. You start paper trading.
6. After about a month you start real trading.
This is What Traders Who Have Taken My Course Has to Say:
Testimonial by Manohar – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Karthik – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Shiv – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Chandrashekar – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Please note that this was typical and it is not possible to get such a big return in every trade. Results can vary from trade to trade.
Testimonial by Saravanan – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Cheliyan – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Allen – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Ashok – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
You can make profits in some trades even after hitting stop loss like this one:
Testimonial by Shiv – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Vipul – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
Testimonial by Himanshu – قد تختلف النتائج للمستخدمين.
I get a lot of Thank You calls and emails too. If they can make money why can’t you?
Disclaimer: Results may vary for users. Some make more some less but the idea is to learn, get education and trade.
Your Benefits:
Trade with Peace of Mind : You can trade without worrying about the stock markets. In fact when you will put on a trade I will ask you not to look at Nifty for the next one week. After that monitoring the trade once per day is required. Take time out for your life. Make Money Almost Every Month* : My goal will be to help you first reach a stage where you do not lose any money trading. Once that is reached you will start making small profits every month and then you can trade the directional trades that can bring very good returns. But this should be done when you are experienced trading my strategies. No Need to Predict the Direction of the Markets: These are all non-directional trades which means you need not predict the direction of the markets. One-half of your money will be guaranteed profitable. The other half also will be most of the times profitable, else we manage the trade. No Technical Analysis Required: You do not need to know Technical Analysis. These things are for traders who do intraday trades or do heavy leverage on futures or stocks. For options risk management is more important than Technical Analysis. I do not know Technical analysis either but still trade profitably. Simple Trades Based on Logic: When you talk to me you will understand that there is a logic behind these trades and not Technical. And the logic is very simple to understand. Positional Trades 10-30 Days: We take a position for around 10 to 30 days to get a good profit. Which means everyday trading is not required. 100% Hedged: If by chance there is a loss in the trade, the other position will make a profit. You can sleep better at night because the losses are limited. Limited Profits or Limited Losses: Profits are limited, but come almost in every trade. Only a few trades (approx 2 in 10) will show losses – but we will manage it and make sure the losses are small and few. Trade Only 2-4 Times a Month: Its obvious that if you trade less, there is no need to trade more that 2-4 times in a month. You can peacefully carry on with your job. No Need to Monitor the Trades Every Second: Since it takes some time before the profits starts rolling in, there is no need to monitor the trades every second. Just once a day is enough. When its time to take profits we just close the positions. Course on Email : This is convenient for both you and me. You can take the course right there in your home whenever you are free. Phone/Skype consultation is also possible.
This course is good if you have a regular job or business and cannot monitor your trades every second. All are positional and 100% hedged trades. There is NO chance of a huge loss whatever happens.
For more information contact me or Call/WhatsApp me on 9051143004. I can speak English & الهندية.
Once you start trading these strategies you will learn to manage risk. Managing risk is the most important trading decision. You will learn to totally control greed and be a disciplined trader. Within few months you will get confident in options trading.
IMP: The course is based on logic not on magic. Once you take the course and understand the logic behind the trades you will understand why it makes money almost every time its played. This should work even years after you have taken the course. You only invest a small amount to get knowledge to trade profitably for life.
ما هي رسوم الدورة التدريبية؟
You get 5 great conservative strategies and a bonus trade where one of my clients made 37.8% return in one month. (Your results may vary). You can do the course by paying a onetime fee only of Rs.6000/-. No more charges. أي رسوم خفية. The fees includes the Course Modules + Support on Email + Phone + WhatsApp for months. I offer support till you are successful trading the strategies on your own and do not need my help. I will send the strategies to your email in PDF documents within 24 hours of your payment.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Email for Six Months is Rs. 5000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Email only till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Phone, WhatsApp and Email for Six Months is Rs.6000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Phone + WhatsApp + Email till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
أسئلة مكررة:
أنس & # 8211؛ Yes and No. Not because I cannot offer you a refund, but because I will offer you something that has value. And value has a price. Gaining knowledge has its own price. The money you pay is nothing compared to the knowledge you will gain from the course and what you will make from these trades in your life. Sorry by not giving a refund I am able to eliminate those not-serious traders. I don’t want people trading for fun to pay me, waste my time and their too and ask for a refund.
However, I only want very serious traders to do my course. I will be happy to talk and give a great service to traders who are serious about their money and trades. That said I will offer you a refund if you give me real reason why you want a refund. This will help me to improve my service. However you can ask for a refund within 7 days of paying for the course. Once refund is processed my service to you will stop immediately.
Q2. If I am unable to understand can I call you?
أنس & # 8211؛ Yes, if you do not understand something and want to call please do so. Remember this is a paid service so please get the best out of me when we are talking. Ask questions and clear your doubts. Please call only if you have taken the phone support. Otherwise email me for support.
Q3. I am not a technical person. I do not know technical analysis.
أنس & # 8211؛ I am not a technical analysis expert either. The beauty of my strategies is that no technical or fundamental analysis knowledge is required. If you know basics of options that is enough. Trades and not that complicated. Simple strategies make more than complicated ones.
Q4. I am in a full time job will I be able to trade using the strategies you provide?
أنس & # 8211؛ Yes because all are 100% hedged and positional trades. You will get enough time to take out profits or take a SL. Once you take the course you will know when to get ready to take out profits. Average time of a trade to hit profit is 10-15 days. You only need to see the values of the trade once in morning at around 10 am and once at around 2 pm and if everything is fine, you can continue with your job.
Q5. I do not live in India nor have an Indian bank account, but I want to get this course. Can I avail your service?
أنس & # 8211؛ نعم فعلا. If you can trade online it does not matter where you live. You just need to know the strategies that I want you to learn. You can trade them in any stock market. All markets in the world behave the same. If you love trading options it does not matter whether you trade in India’s index/stocks or any other country’s. What matters is how much knowledge you have about options and your willingness to learn conservative trades.
Options trading rules are the same in any market in any part of the world. So even if you are trading RUT (Russell 2000), or NDX (NASDAQ-100) or SPX (S&P 500 Index) you can trade these strategies. In fact my guru traded RUT. Yes I learned these strategies from a trader in the US. He was a market maker in COBE (Chicago Board Options Exchange). Now retired, he used to manage millions of dollars in trading account using the same strategies since 1980s.
Q6. I am not a rich man. I have little money in my Demat account.
أنس & # 8211؛ لا يهم. If you have just Rs. 75,000 in your account you can trade these strategies. Though, because the account size is small you will have to trade less lots. Once you gain confidence and experience, you should invest more money in your trading account to make more.
Q7. I have a lot of money in my trading account. Can I invest crores in your strategies?
أنس & # 8211؛ The best way to start learning any new strategy is to start with 1 lot only even if you are a crorepati. Remember whether its one lot or hundreds or lots, your first job is to understand the logic behind the strategies, know why they make money and if they lose then whats your max loss, etc. Once the logic is clear you can start increasing the lot size. If you increase the lot size slowly, even if a stop loss is hit, a 1.5% loss will not damage your portfolio. Of course you know this a part of trading and you will recover your money. Within a few months you should be able to trade with a huge account. By that time you will also get good experience of trading these conservative strategies and you will not fear trading hundreds of lots.
Yes I want to generate wealth and am interested in your service. I want to learn directional and non-directional conservative option strategies for monthly income. Let me know how to pay.
P. S: Just to repeat these are the strategies you get when you take the course:
2 non-directional option strategies (1 purely non-directional, 1 almost always results in profits but needs to be played only if the first hits a stop loss), 1 stock option no loss strategy (slightly advanced strategy but works great) explained in details, & 2 conservative directional strategies – beautiful combination of Futures & خيارات & # 8211؛ returns are better than the non-directional strategies – risk is less than the reward, on 10 you make 7, but you lose only 3 – direction needs to be predicted over a long period of time. If the stock goes against your view pretty fast, even 2% you still make some money. 🙂 Because the position is properly hedged you may take a 60 day time for your Future to hit target – mostly it does.
I am highly committed to my customers. I help them as much as possible. I always pick up the phone and reply emails as soon as possible. I do not have any employees but still give better service than big companies. This is the reason I charge Rs. 1000 extra for the phone service, as it takes my time. The course is good, but you must be willing to learn. I am here to help.
Thank You for showing interest in Learning Conservative Option Trading Strategies. Conservative Trading is not a get rich quick scheme. It is a process that can earn you consistent returns in the long run. I can help you learn conservative option trading where profits will be more, losses less and you can grow your trading account with time.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Email for Six Months is Rs. 5000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Email only till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
One Time Fees For The Conservative Options & Futures Course & Support on Phone, WhatsApp and Email for Six Months is Rs.6000/- Only.
Once you enroll for the course you will get all the 5 strategies and a bonus strategy of 38% a month made by one of my client in your email within 24 hours of your payment. Your results may differ. You will get my personal support on Phone + WhatsApp + Email till you are successful trading my strategies. You will get support to understand the strategies for SIX (6) months. You will get IMPORTANT emails with ideas to trade my strategies and other ideas on trading till you are successful trading my strategies. I will continue support up to 6 months from the date of enrollment. With the help of my support emails you will get many ideas to trade on Nifty as well as on stocks. These emails DO NOT go to free subscribers. One time fees only for course and support for 6 months is FREE. You Do Not Have to pay anything more.
If you want to ask anything about this course contact me or feel comfortable to Call/SMS/WhatsApp me on 9051143004.
*Please understand that individual results will vary and stock market investments are subject to market risk. You are advised to research thoroughly before investing in any stock, option, future or mutual fund. It is your money invest carefully. Information in this site and course is for educational purpose, knowledge on finance and stock market trading only. It is not a recommendation to buy or sell any Stock, Option or Future. I am NOT a financial advisor or tip provider. I DO NOT give any tips in any form and DO NOT have any intention to give tips in future as well. I only give Stock Market Education in General and Derivative Trading Education in particular through this website. I have been reading and researching a lot on stock markets, futures and options since I started trading in 2007. Please read About Me page to know more about me.
الاتصال بي أو الاتصال بي على 9051143004 لمزيد من المعلومات.
ثيوبتيونكورس حقوق الطبع والنشر @ جميع الحقوق محفوظة من قبل ديليب شو، مؤسس هذا الموقع.
انتهاك حقوق الطبع والنشر: يحظر بشدة أي عمل يتعلق بنسخ أو إعادة إنتاج أو توزيع أي محتوى في الموقع أو الرسائل الإخبارية، سواء كليا أو جزئيا، لأي غرض من الأغراض دون إذن مني، ويعتبر انتهاكا لحقوق الطبع والنشر.
الدخل شروط: أي إشارات في هذا الموقع من الدخل التي أدلى بها التجار تعطى لي من قبلهم إما من خلال البريد الإلكتروني أو ال واتساب كرسالة شكر. ومع ذلك تعتمد كل تجارة على التاجر ومستوى المخاطر لديه القدرة والمعرفة والخبرة. عالوة على ذلك، تتعرض استثمارات سوق األسهم والتداول لمخاطر السوق. لذلك لا يوجد ضمان بأن الجميع سوف يحقق نفس النتائج أو ما شابه ذلك. هدفي هو جعل لكم تاجر أفضل ومنضبطة مع تداول الأسهم والاستثمار التعليم والاستراتيجيات التي تحصل عليها من هذا الموقع. يرجى ملاحظة أنني لا تعطي نصائح أو الخدمات الاستشارية عن طريق الرسائل القصيرة، البريد الإلكتروني، أو ال واتساب أو أي شكل آخر من وسائل الاعلام الاجتماعية. إنني أتقيد بصرامة بقوانين بلدي. أنا فقط تقديم التعليم على التمويل والاستثمار في أسواق الأسهم في أفضل طريقة ممكنة بقدر ما أستطيع من خلال هذا الموقع. ومع ذلك، يجب عليك استشارة مستشار معتمد أو إجراء بحث شامل قبل الاستثمار في أي سهم أو مشتق قبل تداول أي استراتيجية الواردة في هذا الموقع. لست مسؤولا عن أي قرار استثماري تتخذه بعد قراءة أي مقالة في هذا الموقع. المعرفة هي السبيل الوحيد لتحقيق النجاح في أسواق الأسهم. أنا أحاول قصارى جهدي لإعطاء سوق الأوراق المالية الاستثمار والتجارة المعرفة من خلال المقالات المنشورة في هذا الموقع. شكرا لزيارة موقعي.
كونسيفاتيف أوبتيون & # 038؛ دورة المستقبل.
أنا ديليب شو. أنا تاجر مثلك. لقد تم التداول منذ عام 2007، ولكن فقدت الكثير من المال حتى عام 2018. ثم توقفت عن التداول ودرس خيارات مثل امتحانات الكلية. بدأ التداول مرة أخرى من عام 2018 ولم ينظر إلى الوراء منذ ذلك الحين. فعلت الكثير من البحوث، وقراءة الكتب وفعلت لا تعد ولا تحصى ورقة التداول قبل أن تكون مربحة. يمكنك أن تقرأ عني هنا.
بلدي بالطبع التداول المحافظ منذ عام 2017 يساعد العديد من تجار التجزئة مثلك الذين لديهم وظيفة أو الأعمال التجارية تحقيق أرباح متسقة مثل هذا: (انقر هنا لمزيد من الشهادات). يمكنك أن تفعل هذا بالطبع من منزلك. بعض التجار جعل أرباح مذهلة مثل روبية. 16.26 لكه الربح في 5 أيام على الرغم من النتائج قد تختلف للجميع.
هذا بالطبع يساعدك على تعلم التجارة استراتيجيات الخيار المحافظ للدخل الشهري. بمجرد الانتهاء من الدورة يمكنك البدء في التداول فورا. يمكنك بدء التداول من أي يوم. لا حاجة للانتظار لانتهاء الصلاحية. سوف تجعل الأرباح باستمرار.
هذه الدورة جيدة إذا كان لديك عمل منتظم أو الأعمال التجارية. أنت لا تحتاج إلى مراقبة الصفقات الخاصة بك في كل ثانية.
قبل القراءة يرجى نفهم أن لجميع الاستراتيجيات 5، وسيتم تدريس اختيار الإضراب. اختيار الإضراب في حين تداول الخيارات هو الجزء الأكثر أهمية لتحقيق النجاح.
يمكنك الحصول على اثنين من استراتيجيات المحافظ غير اتجاهي على الخيارات، واحدة استراتيجية المحافظ الأسهم الخيار واثنين من استراتيجيات اتجاه المحافظين على المستقبل & أمبير؛ مزيج الخيار.
الصفقات غير الاتجاهية مربحة 80٪ من الأوقات وجعل 3-5٪ في التجارة (قد تختلف النتائج).
استراتيجية الاتجاه يجعل المال بسرعة. لا يهم أي جانب يتحرك السهم. في الواقع كنت جعل أكثر عندما كنت مخطئا في تجارة المستقبل. 🙂 بعض الأرباح مذهلة ممكن هنا.
تجارة الخيارات الأسهم يجعل 30،000 في تجارة واحدة وإذا سي هو ضرب هناك وسيلة لاسترداد الخسائر بالإضافة إلى جعل 30K في تلك التجارة.
ليس مطلوبا المعرفة التقنية. لا حاجة لمراقبة الصفقات في كل ثانية.
في هذه الدورة سوف تتعلم كيفية تحديد أسعار الإضراب. تتعلم متى تتداول، والتي تضرب لبيع التي لشراء، كم الربح الهدف الذي يجب أن تبحث عنه، أفضل مكان لاتخاذ وقف الخسارة وماذا تفعل بعد اتخاذ وقف الخسارة - يعني كيفية الحصول على هذا المال. معدل النجاح هو أكثر من 80٪.
وبما أن التداولات يتم التحوط بها بشكل صحيح، فلا يوجد أي ضغط في تداول استراتيجياتي.
أنا واثق جدا من أنك سوف تجعل المال تداول استراتيجيات بلدي. لمساعدتك على النجاح أقدم بضعة أشهر الدعم مجانا.
11 الأسباب التي يجب عليك القيام بها الدورة:
1. تا المعرفة غير مطلوب.
3. المراقبة العادية غير مطلوب.
5. هل الدورة من منزلك.
11. دعم مجاني لأشهر.
لمعرفة المزيد اتصل / سمز / واتساب مي أون 9051143004 أو البريد الالكتروني لي الآن. اعرف الانجليزية والهندية.
يمكنك العثور على العديد من الشهادات في هذه الصفحات:
ملاحظة: سنوات عديدة من التداول قد فكرت لي شيء واحد & # 8211؛ فمن الأفضل دائما لجعل الأرباح الصغيرة شهر بعد شهر، بدلا من تخسر المال شهر بعد شهر في محاولة لجعل الكثير من المال. لا يحدث أبدا. ولكن الأموال الصغيرة المتراكمة شهر بعد شهر يمكن أن تصبح كبيرة جدا في بضع سنوات فقط.
مثل صفحة الفيسبوك لدينا والحصول على تحديثات فورية تحديثات للحياة.

دليل الخيارات والعقود الآجلة.
تعلم تداول الخيارات ويمكنك الاستفادة من أي حالة السوق. فهم كيفية تداول سوق الخيارات باستخدام مجموعة واسعة من استراتيجيات الخيارات.
اكتشاف فرص تجارية جديدة وطرق مختلفة لتنويع محفظتك الاستثمارية مع السلع والمستقبلية المالية.
لمساعدتك على طول الطريق الخاص بك نحو فهم العالم المعقد من المشتقات المالية، ونحن نقدم شاملة العقود الآجلة والخيارات الموارد التعليمية التداول الذي يتضمن الدروس التفصيلية والنصائح والمشورة هنا في دليل الخيارات.
الرسوم البيانية للربح هي تمثيل بصري للنتائج المحتملة للاستراتيجيات الخيارات. يتم بيان الربح أو الخسارة على المحور الرأسي في حين أن سعر السهم الأساسي في تاريخ انتهاء الصلاحية هو رسم بياني على المحور الأفقي.
أساسيات الخيار:
قبل أن تبدأ خيارات التداول، يجب أن تعرف ما هو بالضبط خيار الأسهم وفهم النوعين الأساسيين من عقود الخيار - يضع ويدعو. تعرف على كيفية عملها وكيفية تداولها لتحقيق الأرباح. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
أساسيات الخيار الثنائي:
تداول الخيارات الثنائية تكتسب شعبية بسرعة منذ إدخالها في عام 2008. تحقق من دليلنا الكامل لتداول الخيارات الثنائية. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
استراتيجية المبتدئين:
المكالمة المغطاة هي استراتيجية تداول الخيارات الشعبية التي تمكن المساهم لكسب دخل إضافي من خلال بيع المكالمات ضد عقد من أسهمه. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
الأسهم الخيار المشورة:
شراء سترادلز هو وسيلة رائعة للعب الأرباح. في كثير من الأحيان، فجوة سعر السهم صعودا أو هبوطا بعد تقرير الأرباح الفصلية ولكن في كثير من الأحيان، واتجاه الحركة يمكن أن يكون لا يمكن التنبؤ بها. فعلى سبيل المثال، يمكن أن يحدث بيع على الرغم من أن تقرير الأرباح جيد إذا كان المستثمرون يتوقعون نتائج عظيمة. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
الأسهم الخيار أساسيات التداول:
بالنسبة للمستثمر قصير ومتوسط ​​الأجل، يوفر خيار خيار الأسهم خيارا إضافيا من الخيارات الاستثمارية للسماح له بالاستفادة بشكل أفضل من رأس ماله الاستثماري. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
المفاهيم المتقدمة:
عند خيارات التداول، سوف تأتي عبر استخدام بعض الحروف الهجائية اليونانية مثل دلتا أو غاما عند وصف المخاطر المرتبطة مواقف الخيارات المختلفة. وهي تعرف باسم "الجريكس". [اقرأ أكثر. ]
الخيار نصائح التداول:
العديد من الخيارات التجار تميل إلى التغاضي عن آثار رسوم العمولة على الربح أو الخسارة الإجمالية. فإنه من السهل أن ننسى رسوم منخفضة 15 $ اللجنة عندما كل شبكات التجارة مربحة لك $ 500 أو أكثر. هيك، انها فقط 3٪ الحق. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
خيارات الأسهم نصيحة:
إن توزيعات األرباح النقدية الصادرة عن األسهم لها تأثير كبير على أسعار خياراتها. وذلك لأن سعر السهم الأساسي من المتوقع أن ينخفض ​​بمقدار توزيعات الأرباح في تاريخ توزيعات الأرباح السابقة. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
المفاهيم المتقدمة:
تعرف على نسبة الدعوة وضع، والطريقة التي يتم اشتقاقها وكيف يمكن استخدامها كمؤشر مناقضة. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
المفاهيم المتقدمة:
طريقة أخرى للعب سوق العقود الآجلة هي عن طريق الخيارات على العقود الآجلة. استخدام خيارات للتجارة الآجلة يوفر رافعة مالية إضافية وفتح المزيد من الفرص التجارية للتاجر محنك. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
الأسهم الخيار المشورة:
خيارات التداول اليوم يمكن أن تكون استراتيجية ناجحة ومربحة ولكن هناك بضعة أشياء تحتاج إلى معرفته قبل استخدام بدء استخدام خيارات التداول اليوم. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
خيارات الأسهم التعليمي:
إذا كنت صعودي جدا على سهم معين على المدى الطويل، وتتطلع لشراء الأسهم ولكن يشعر أنه مبالغ فيها قليلا في الوقت الراهن، ثم قد ترغب في النظر في كتابة خيارات وضع على الأسهم كوسيلة للحصول عليها في خصم. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
خيارات الأسهم نصيحة:
لتحقيق عوائد أعلى في سوق الأسهم، إلى جانب القيام بالمزيد من الواجبات المنزلية على الشركات التي ترغب في شراء، فإنه غالبا ما يكون من الضروري أن تأخذ على مخاطر عالية. الطريقة الأكثر شيوعا للقيام بذلك هي شراء الأسهم على الهامش. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
الأسهم الخيار التعليمي:
بعض الأسهم تدفع أرباحا سخية كل ثلاثة أشهر. أنت مؤهل للحصول على توزيعات الأرباح إذا كنت تملك على الأسهم قبل تاريخ توزيع الأرباح السابقة. [اقرأ أكثر. ]
تابعنا في الفيسبوك للحصول على استراتيجيات اليومية & أمب؛ نصائح!
أساسيات الخيارات.
أساسيات العقود الآجلة.
الاستراتيجيات الصاعدة.
استراتيجيات هبوطية.
استراتيجيات محايدة.
المواقف الاصطناعية.
خيارات التحكيم.
تحذير المخاطر: الأسهم والعقود الآجلة وتداول الخيارات الثنائية التي تمت مناقشتها على هذا الموقع يمكن اعتبار عمليات التداول عالية المخاطر وتنفيذها يمكن أن تكون محفوفة بالمخاطر جدا وقد يؤدي إلى خسائر كبيرة أو حتى في خسارة إجمالية لجميع الأموال على حسابك. يجب أن لا تخاطر أكثر مما كنت تتحمل أن تخسر. قبل اتخاذ قرار التجارة، تحتاج إلى التأكد من أنك تفهم المخاطر المعنية مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار أهدافك الاستثمارية ومستوى الخبرة. يتم توفير المعلومات على هذا الموقع بدقة لأغراض إعلامية وتعليمية فقط وليس المقصود أن تكون خدمة توصية التداول. لن يكون ثيوبتيونسغويد مسؤولا عن أي أخطاء أو سهو أو تأخر في المحتوى، أو عن أي إجراءات تتخذ اعتمادا على ذلك.
المنتجات المالية التي تقدمها الشركة تحمل مستوى عال من المخاطر ويمكن أن يؤدي إلى فقدان كل ما تبذلونه من الأموال. يجب عليك أبدا استثمار المال الذي لا يمكن أن تخسره.

Option trading in telugu

With the possible exception of futures contracts, trading is not a zero-sum game. In other words, for every winner there doesn't have to be a loser. Therefore, because there are so many different combinations and ways options can be hedged against each other, it doesn't make sense to look at overall figures (e. g., the number of options that expire worthless) and reach conclusions about how many people made or lost money.
For simplicity, let's take the case of a spread. The fact that one person made money buying a butterfly does not automatically mean that someone else lost. Instead, the person who sold the butterfly may have traded out of the position using spreads or by selling individual options. For every person who is long a butterfly, call spread, put spread, or whatever, there are not necessarily people who are short the corresponding position. As such, the profitability of their positions will necessarily differ.
In many respects, option trading is a game of strategy not unlike competitive sports or chess tournaments. The main difference is that in trading there are more players and multiple agendas. To succeed, it's important to have a knowledge and appreciation of the other players. In general terms, you must gain an appreciation for the behavior and motivations of the different players.
In the option markets, the players fall into four categories: The Exchanges Financial Institution Market Makers Individual (Retail) Investors.
What follows is a brief overview of each group along with insights into their trading objectives and strategies.
The exchange is a pblace where market makers and traders gather to buy and sell stocks, options, bonds, futures, and other financial instruments. Since 1973 when the Chicago Board Options Exchange first began trading options, a number of other players have emerged. At first, the exchanges each maintained separate listings and therefore didn't trade the same contracts. In recent years this has changed.
Now that BSE and NSE both these exchanges list and trade the same contracts, they compete with each other. Nevertheless, even though a stock may be listed on multiple exchanges, one exchange generally handles the bulk of the volume. This would be considered the dominant exchange for that particular option.
The competition between exchanges has been particularly valuable to professional traders who have created complex computer programs to monitor price discrepancies between exchanges. These discrepancies, though small, can be extraordinarily profitable for traders with the ability and speed to take advantage. More often than not, professional traders simply use multiple exchanges to get the best prices on their trades.
Deciding between the two would be simply a matter of choosing the exchange that does the most trading in this contract. The more volume the exchange does, the more liquid the contract. Greater liquidity increases the likelihood the trade will get filled at the best price.
Financial institutions are pbrofessional investment management companies that typically fall into several main categories: mutual funds, hedge funds, insurance companies, stock funds. In each case, these money managers control large portfolios of stocks, options, and other financial instruments. Although individual strategies differ, institutions share the same goal-to outperform the market. In a very real sense, their livelihood depends on performance because the investors who make up any fund tend to be a fickle group. When fund don't perform, investors are often quick to move money in search of higher returns.
Where individual investors might be more likely to trade equity options related to specific stocks, fund managers often use index options to better approximate their overall portfolios. For example, a fund that invests heavily in a broad range of tech stocks will use NSE Nifty Index options rather than separate options for each stock in their portfolio. Theoretically, the performance of this index would be relatively close to the performance of a subset of comparable high tech stocks the fund manager might have in his or her portfolio.
Market makers are the traders on the floor of the exchanges who create liquidity by providing two-sided markets. In each counter, the competition between market makers keeps the spread between the bid and the offer relatively narrow. Nevertheless, it's the spread that partially compensates market makers for the risk of willingly taking either side of a trade.
For market makers, the ideal situation would be to "scalp" every trade. More often than not, however, market makers don't benefit from an endless flow of perfectly offsetting trades to scalp. As a result, they have to find other ways to profit. In general, there are four trading techniques that characterize how different market makers trade options. Any or all of these techniques may be employed by the same market maker depending on trading conditions. Day Traders Premium Sellers Spread Traders Theoretical Traders.
Day traders, on or off the trading screen, tend to use small positions to capitalize on intra-day market movement. Since their objective is not to hold a position for extended periods, day traders generally don't hedge options with the underlying stock. At the same time, they tend to be less concerned about delta, gamma, and other highly analytical aspects of option pricing.
Just like the name implies, premium sellers tend to focus their efforts selling high priced options and taking advantage of the time decay factor by buying them later at a lower price. This strategy works well in the absence of large, unexpected price swings but can be extremely risky when volatility skyrockets.
Like other market makers, spread traders often end up with large positions but they get there by focusing on spreads. In this way, even the largest of positions will be somewhat naturally hedged. Spread traders employ a variety of strategies buying certain options and selling others to offset the risk. Some of these strategies like reversals, conversions, and boxes are primarily used by floor traders because they take advantage of minor price discrepancies that often only exist for seconds. However, spread traders will use strategies like butterflies, condors, call spreads, and put spreads that can be used quite effectively by individual investors.
By readily making two-sided markets, market makers often find themselves with substantial option positions across a variety of months and strike prices. The same thing happens to theoretical traders who use complex mathematical models to sell options that are overpriced and buy options that are relatively underpriced. Of the four groups, theoretical traders are often the most analytical in that they are constantly evaluating their position to determine the effects of changes in price, volatility, and time.
As option volume increases, the role of individual investors becomes more important because they account for over 90% of the volume. That's especially impressive when you consider that option volume in February 2000 was 56.2 million contracts-an astounding 85% increase over February 1999.
The Psychology of the Individual Investor.
From a psychological standpoint, individual investors are in interesting group because there are probably as many strategies and objectives as there are individuals. For some, options are a means to generate additional income through relatively conservative strategies such as covered calls. For others, options in the form of protective puts provide an excellent form of insurance to lock in profits or prevent losses from new positions. More risk tolerant individuals use options for the leverage they provide. These people are willing to trade options for large percentage gains even knowing their entire investment may be on the line.
In a sense, taking a position in the market automatically means that you are competing with countless investors from the categories described above. While that may be true, avoid making direct comparisons when it comes to your trading results. The only person you should compete with is yourself. As long as you are learning, improving, and having fun, it doesn't matter how the rest of the world is doing.
HOW TO HEDGE RISK AND PROTECT PROFITS WITH OPTIONS?
Professional traders (known in the industry as market makers or market operators), often think that for the beginning investor, option trading must seem similar to putting together a puzzle without the aid of a picture. You can find the picture if you know where to look. Looking through the eyes of a professional market maker is one of the best ways to learn about trading options under real market conditions. This experience will help you understand how real-world changes in option pricing variables affect an option's value and the risks associated with that option. Furthermore, because market makers are essentially responsible for what the option market looks like, you need to be familiar with their role and the strategies that they use in order to a regulate a liquid market and ensure their own profit.
We will provide an overview of the practices of market makers and explore their mindset as the architects of the option business. First, we will consider the logistics of a market maker's responsibilities. How do market makers respond to supply and demand to ensure a liquid market? How do they assess the value of an option based on market conditions and demands? In the second part of this chapter, we will consider the profit-oriented objectives of a market maker. How is market making like any other business? How does a market maker profit? What does it mean to hedge a position, and how does a market maker use hedging to minimize risk?
The image of an electronic trading terminal is not unfamiliar to the Indian imagination, but many people might not know who the players behind the screen are. Market makers, brokers, fund managers, retail traders and investors occupy trading terminals across India. Thousands of trading terminals across 250 cities of India are combined, they represent the marketplace for option trading. The exchange itself provides the location, regulatory body, computer technology, and staff that are necessary to support and monitor trading activity. Market makers are said to actually make the option market, whereas brokers represent the public orders.
In general, market makers might make markets in up 30 or more issues and compete with one another for customer buy and sell orders in those issues. Market makers trade using either their own capital or trade for a firm that supplies them with capital. The market maker's activity, which takes place increasingly through computer execution, represents the central processing unit of the option industry. If we consider the exchange itself as the backbone of the industry, the action in the Mumbai's broking offices represents the industry's brain and industry, heart. As both a catalyst for trading and a profiteer in his or her own right, the market maker's role in the industry is well worth closer examination.
Individual trader versus market maker.
The evaluation of an option's worth by individual traders and market makers, respectively, is the foundation of option trading. Trader and market maker alike buy and sell the products that they foresee as profitable. From this perspective, no difference exists between a market maker and the individual option trader. More formally, however, the difference between you and the market maker is responsible for creating the option industry, as we know it.
Essentially, market makers are professional, large-volume option traders whose own trading serves the public by creating liquidity and depth in the marketplace. On a daily basis, market makers account for up to half of all option trading volume, and much of this activity is responsible for creating and ensuring a two-sided market made up of the best bids and offers for public customers. A market maker's trading activity takes place under the conditions of a contractual relationship with an exchange. As members of the exchange, market makers must pay dues and lease or own a seat on the floor in order to trade. More importantly, a market maker's relationship with the exchange requires him or her to trade all of the issues that are assigned to his or her primary pit on the option floor. In return, the market maker is able to occupy a privileged position in the option market - market makers are the merchants in the option industry; they are in a position to create the market (bid and ask) and then buy on their bid and sell on their offer.
The main difference between a market maker and retail traders is that the market maker's position is primarily dictated by customer order flow. The market maker does not have the luxury of picking and choosing his or her position. Just like the book makers in Las Vegas casinos who set the odds and then accommodate individual betters who select which side of the bet that they want, a market maker's job is to supply a market in the options, a bid and an offer, and then let the public decide whether to buy or sell at those prices, thereby taking the other side of the bet.
As the official option merchants, market makers are in a position to buy option wholesale and sell them at retail. That said, the two main differences between market makers and other merchants is that market makers commonly sell before they buy, and the value of their inventory fluctuates as the price of stock fluctuates. As with all merchants, though, a familiarity with the product pays off. The market maker's years of experience with market conditions and trading practices in general - including an array of trading strategies - enables him or her to establish an edge (however slight) over the market. This edge is the basis for the market maker's potential wealth.
Smart trading styles of market operators.
Throughout the trading day, market makers generally use one of two trading styles: scalping or position trading. Scalping is a simpler trading style that an ever-diminishing number of traders use. Position trading, which is divided into a number of subcategories, is used by the greatest percentage of all market makers. As we have discussed, most market maker's position are dictated to them by the public's order flow. Each individual market maker will accumulate and hedge this order flow differently, generally preferring one style of trading over another. A market maker's trading style might have to do with a belief that one style is more profitable then another or might be because of a trader's general personality and perception of risk.
The scalper generally attempts to buy an option on the bid and sell it on the offer (or sell on the offer and buy on the bid) in an effort to capture the difference without creating an option position. Scalpers profit from trading what is referred to as the bid / ask spread, the difference between the bid price and the ask price.
For example, if the market on the Nifty July 1130 puts is 15 (bid) - 15.98 (ask), this trader will buy an option order that comes into the trading pit on the bid along with the rest of the crowd. This trader is now focused on selling these puts for a profit, rather than hedging the options and creating a position. Due to the lack of commission paid by market makers, this trader can sell the first 15.20 bid that enters the trading crowd and still make a profit, known in the financial industry as a scalp.
The trader has just made a profit without creating a position. Sometimes holding and hedging a position is unavoidable, however. Still this style of trading is generally less risky, because the trader will maintain only small positions with little risk. The scalper is less common these days because the listing of options on more than one exchange (dual listing) has increased competition and decreased the bid/ask spread. The scalper can make money only when customers are buying and selling options in equal amounts. Because customer order-flow is generally one-sided (either customers are just buying or just selling) the ability to scalp options is rare. Scalpers, therefore, are generally found in trading pits trading stocks that have large option order flow. The scalper is a rare breed on the trading floor, and the advent of dual listing and competing exchanges has made scalpers an endangered species.
The position trader generally has an option position that is created while accommodating public order flow and hedging the resulting risk. This type of trading is more risky because the market maker might be assuming directional risk, volatility risk, or interest rate risk, to name a few. Correspondingly, market makers can assume a number of positions relative to these variables. Generally the two common types of position traders are either backspreaders or frontspreaders.
Essentially, backspreaders are traders who accumulate (buy) more options than they sell and, therefore, have theoretically large or unlimited profit potential. For example, a long straddle would be considered a backspread. In this situation, we purchase the 50 level call and put (an ATM strike would be delta neutral). As the underlying asset declines in value, the call will increases in value. In order for the position to profit, the value of the rising option must increase more than the value of the declining option, or the trader must actively trade stock against the position, scalping stock as the deltas change.
The position could also profit from an increase in volatility, which would increase the value of both the call and put. As volatility increases, the trader might sell out the position for a profit or sell options (at the higher volatility) against the ones she owns. The position has large or unlimited profit potential and limited risk.
As we know from previous chapters, there is a multitude of risks associated with having an inventory of options. Generally, the greatest risk associated with a backspread is time decay. Vega is also an important factor. If volatility decreases dramatically, a backspreader might be forced to close out his position at less than favorable prices and may sustain a large loss. The backspreader is relying on movement in the underlying asset or an increase in volatility.
The opposite of a backspreader, the frontspreader generally sells more options then he or she owns and, therefore, has limited profit potential and unlimited risk. Using the previous example, the frontspreader would be the seller of the 150 level call and put, short the 150 level straddle. In this situation, the market maker would profit from the position if the underlying asset failed to move outside the premium received for the sale prior to expiration. Generally, the frontspreader is looking for a decrease in volatility and/or little to no movement in the underlying asset.
The position also could profit from a decrease in volatility, which would decrease the value of both the call and put. As volatility decreases, the trader might buy in the position for a profit or buy options (at the lower volatility) against the ones he or she is short. The position has limited profit potential and unlimited risk.
When considering these styles of trading, it is important to recognize that a trader can trade the underlying stock to either create profit or manage risk. The backspreader will purchase stock as the stock decreases in value and sell the stock as the stock increase, thereby scalping the stock for a profit. Scalping the underlying stock, even when the stock is trading within a range less than the premium paid for the position, cannot only pay for the position but can create a profit above the initial investment. Backspreaders are able to do this with minimal risk because their position has positive gamma (curvature). This means that as the underlying asset declines in price, the positions will accumulate negative deltas, and the trader might purchase stock against those deltas. As the underlying asset increases in price, the position will accumulate positive deltas, and the trader might sell stock. Generally, a backspreader will buy and sell stock against his or her delta position to create a positive scalp.
Similarly, a frontspreader can use the same technique to manage risk and maintain the profit potential of the position. A frontspread position will have negative gamma (negative curvature). Staying delta neutral can help a frontspreader avoid losses. A diligent frontspreader can descalp (scalping for a loss) the underlying asset and reduce her profits by only a small margin. Barring any gap in the underlying asset, disciplined buying and selling of the underlying asset can keep any loss to a minimum.
To complicate matters further, a backspreader or frontspreader might initiate a position that has speculative features. Two examples follow.
These traders put on a position that favors one directional move in the underlying asset over another. This trader is speculating that the stock will move either up or down. This type of trading can be extremely risky because the trader favors one direction to the exclusion of protecting the risk that is associated with movement to the other side. For example, a trader who believes that the underlying asset has sold off considerably might buy calls and sell puts. Both of these transactions will profit from a rise in the underlying asset; however, if the underlying asset were to continue downward, the position might lose a great deal of money.
Volatility traders will generally make an assumption about the direction of the option volatility. For these traders, whether or not to buy or sell a call or put is based on an assessment of option volatility. Forecasting changes in volatility is typically an option trader's biggest challenge. As discussed previously, volatility is important because it is one of the principal factors used to estimate an option's price. A volatility trader will buy options that are priced below his or her volatility assumption and sell options that are trading above the assumption. If the portfolio is balanced as to the number of options bought and sold (options with similar characteristics such as expiration date and strike), the position will have little vega risk. However, if the trader sells more volatility than he or she buys, or vice versa, the position could lose a great deal of money on a volatility move.
HOW MARKET OPERATORS WILL TRAP THE PUBLIC?
In general, the market maker begins his or her assessment by using a pricing formula to generate a theoretical value for an option and then creating a market around that value. This process entails creating a bid beneath the market maker's fair value and an offer above the market maker's fair value of the option. Remember that the market maker has a legal responsibility to ensure a liquid marketplace through supplying a bid/risk spread. The trading public then can either purchase or sell the options based on market-maker listings, or it can negotiate with the market maker for a price that is between the posted bid/risk prices (based on his or her respective calculations of the option's theoretical value).
In most cases, the difference between market maker and individual investor bids and offers are a matter of pennies (what we might consider fractional profits). For the market maker, however, the key is volume. Like a casino, the market maker will manage risk so that she can stay in the game time after time and make a Rs.1 here and a Rs.5 there. These profits add up. Like the casino, a market maker will experience loss occasionally; however, through risk management, he or she attempts to stay in the business long enough to win more than he or she loses.
Another analogy can be found in the relationship between a buyer and used car dealer. A car dealer might make a bid on a used car for an amount that is less than what he is able to resell the car for in the marketplace. He or she can make a profit by buying the car for one price and selling it for a greater price. When determining the amount that he or she is willing to pay, the dealer must make an assumption of the future value of the car. If he is incorrect about how much someone will purchase the car for, then the dealer will take a loss on the transaction. If correct, however, the dealer stands to make a profit. On the other hand, the owner of the car might reject the dealer's original bid for the car and ask for a greater amount of money, thereby coming in between the dealer's bid/risk market. If the dealer assesses that the price that the owner is requesting for the car still enables a profit, he or she might buy the car regardless of the higher price. Similarly, when a market maker determines whether he or she will pay (or sell) one price over another, he or she determines not only the theoretical value of the option buy also whether or not the option is a specific fir for risk-management purposes. There might be times when a market maker will forego the theoretical edge or trade for a negative theoretical edge for the sole purpose of risk management.
Before proceeding with our discussion of the market maker's trading activity in detail, let us again refer to the casino analogy. The house at a casino benefits largely from its familiarity with the business of gambling and the behavior of betters. As an institution, it also benefits from keeping a level head and certainly from being well (if not better) informed than its patrons about the logistics of its games and strategies for winning. Similarly, a market maker must be able to assess at a moment's notice how to respond to diverse market conditions that can be as tangible as a change in interest rates or as intangible as an emotional trading frenzy based on a news report. Discipline, education, and experience are a market maker's best insurance. We mention this here because, as an individual investor, you can use these guidelines to help you compete wisely with a market maker and to become a successful options trader.
Market making as a business.
In the previous section, we addressed rather conceptually, how a market maker works in relation to the market (and, in particular, in relation to you, the individual trader). A market maker's actual practices are dictated by a number of bottom-line business concerns, however, which require constant attention throughout the trading day. Like any business owner, a market maker has to follow business logic, and he or she must consider the wisest uses of his or her capital. There are number of factors that you should consider when assessing whether an option trade is a good or bad business decision. At base, the steps that a market maker takes are as follows:
1. Determining the current theoretical fair value of an option. (As we have discussed, the market maker can perform this task with the use of a mathematical pricing model.)
2. Attempting to determine the future value of an option. Buying the option if you think that it will increase in value or selling the option if you think that it will decreases in value. This is done through the assessment of market factors that may affect the value of an option. These factors include : Interest rates Volatility Dividends Price of the underlying stock.
3. Determining whether the capital can be spent better elsewhere. For example, if the interest saved through the purchase of a call (instead of the outright purchase of the stock) exceeds the dividend that would have been received through owning the stock, then it is better to purchase the call.
4. Calculating the long stock interest that is paid for borrowing funds in order to purchase the stocks and considering whether the money used to purchase the underlying stock would be better invested in an interest-bearing account. If so, would buying call options instead of the stock be a better trade?
5. Calculating whether the interest received from the sale of short stock is more favorable than purchasing puts on the underlying stock. Is the combination of owning calls and selling the underlying stock a better trade than the outright purchase of puts?
6. Checking for arbitrage possibilities. Like the preceding step, this task entails determining whether one trade is better than another. In the section on synthetics, we explored the possibility of creating a position with the same profit/loss characteristics as another by using different components. At times, it will be more cost effective to put on a position synthetically. Arbitrage traders take advantage of price differentials between the same product on different markets or equivalent products on the same market. For example, a differential between an option and the actual underlying stock can be exploited for profit. The three factors to base this decision on are as follows: The level of the underlying asset. The interest rate.
For example, if you buy a call option, you save the interest on the money that you would have had to pay for the underlying stock. Conversely, if you purchase a put, you lose the short stock interest that you could be receiving from the sale of the underlying stock.
The dividend rate. If you buy a call option, you lose the dividends that you would have earned by actually holding the stock.
7. Finally, determining the risk associated with the option trade.
As previously discussed, all of the factors that contribute to the price of the option are potential risk factors to an existing position. As we know, if the factors that determine the price of an option change, then the value of an option will change. This risk associated with these changes can be alleviated through the direct purchase or sale of an offsetting option or the underlying stock. This process is referred to as hedging.
A market maker's complex positioning.
As we mentioned earlier, the bulk of a market maker's trading is not based on market speculation but on the small edge that can be captured within each trade. Because the market maker must trade in such large volumes in order to capitalize on fractional profits, it is imperative that he or she manage the existing risks of a position. For example, in order to retain the edge associated with the trade, he or she might need to add to the position when necessary by buying or selling shares of an underlying asset or by trading additional options.
In fact, it is not uncommon that once the trade has been executed, the trader an opposite market position in the underlying security or in any other available options. Over time, a large position consisting of a multitude of option contracts and a position in the underlying stock is established. The market maker's job at this point is to continue to trade for theoretical edge while maintaining a hedged position to alleviate risk. In the following section, we will review the basics of risk management in the form of hedging. Although market makers are the masters of hedging, hedged positions are essential for the risk management for all option traders. It will be equally important for you to understand how to use these strategies.
THE TRUMP CARD OF MARKET OPERATORS: HEDGING.
Thus far, we have overviewed the logistics of the market maker's business model and have seen how it functions to both serve the trading public and the market maker simultaneously. Now we will consider how market makers work to secure their edge against the ongoing risks presented to their many positions.
An investor who chooses to invest in a particular market is exposed to the risks that are inherent in that market. The specific risk is high if the investor concentrates on one security only. The more a portfolio is diversified, the lesser the specific risk. Hedging is the most basic strategy that an investor can use in order to guard against loss. A hedge position is taken with the specific intent of lowering risk. As we have learned, option positions are susceptible to more than just simple directional price risks, and therefore, a trader must be concerned with more than simple delta neutral trading. There is risk associated with each of the variables that determine an option's value (from interest rates to time until expiration).
In order to minimize the effect of these risks to an option's value, a trader will establish a position with offsetting characteristics. Just as you hedge a bet by betting against your original bet too a lesser degree, market makers try to take on complementary positions (in stock or options) with characteristics that can potentially buffer against exposure to loss. A hedge, then, is a position that is established for the sole purpose of protecting an existing position.
Determining what risks an option position might be exposed to is one of the first steps towards determining how best to hedge risk. We have learned that six risks are associated with an option position:
Directional risk (delta risk) is the risk that an option's value will change as the underlying asset changes in value. All other factors aside, as the price of an underlying asset decreases, the value of a call will decrease while the price of the put will increase. Conversely, as the underlying asset increases in value, a call will increases in value as the put decreases in value. Delta risk can easily be offset through the purchase or sale of an option or stock with opposing directional characteristics. Directional hedges are illustrated in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1: Delta Effects.
When the Underlying Security .
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
The Long Call will .
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
The Short Call will .
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
The Long Put will .
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
The Short Put will .
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
Table 2: Position hedges.
Long Call Increases in value as the underlying increases in value.
Short Call Decreases in value as the underlying increases in value.
Long Put Decreases in value as the underlying increases in value.
Short Put Increases in value as the underlying decreases in value.
Gamma risk is the risk that the delta of an option will change. The holder of options is long gamma (backspreader) and the seller of options is short gamma (frontspreader). Sometimes referred to as curvature, gamma can be offset through the purchase or sale of options with opposing gammas.
Volatility risk (vega risk) is the risk that the volatility assumption used in pricing the options will change. If the option volatility rises, the value of the calls and puts will increase. The holder of any options might benefit from an increase in volatility whereas the seller might incur a loss. This risk can be offset through the purchase or sale of option contracts that have an opposing vega value. For example, we know that options decrease in value as volatility decreases. Therefore, selling options (that benefit as volatility decreases) might be the best hedge for a trader who is looking to offset vega risk.
Time decay (theta risk) is a positions exposure to the effects of a change in the amount of time remaining to expiration. We know that time moves forward and as it does, the time value of an option decreases. This exposure can be offset through the purchase or sale of options with opposite theta characteristics. The effects of time decay on an options value are illustrated below.
Effects of Theta.
As Time Moves Forward.
Value remains constant.
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
Decrease in Value.
Increase in Value.
Interest rate risk (rho risk) is negligible to most traders. Its impact can be substantial if a position contains a large amount of long or short stock or long-term options. Decreasing the stock position, replacing stock with options is the most efficient way to reduce rho risk. Remember, longer-term options are more interest rate sensitive.
Dividend risk can be offset through the purchase or sale of options or the underlying stock. An increase in the dividend will make the call decrease in value because the holder of the call does not receive the dividend. In this situation, it is more advantageous to own the underlying asset over owning the call. Conversely, the put will increase in value when the dividend is increased because the short stock seller must pay the dividend to the lender of the stock, which makes owning the put more desirable than shorting the underlying asset.
Table 4 illustrates the effects of changing input variables on an option's theoretical value.
Varying market conditions.
As market conditions change the values of.
Rise in price of the underlying.
Interest rates Rise.
Knowing the risks involved with options trading is the first step to successful trading while hedging these risks to create a profitable position is the second step. We have learned that there are different ways to hedge each trade, providing a market maker with the important task of determining the best hedge possible for each trade he or she executes. Determining which hedge is the best is based on knowing not only the risks of the original trade but also the corresponding risk of the hedge. Observing actual positions under a multitude of conditions is by far the best way to learn the complex nuances of options. The next two chapters will guide the reader through the fundamentals of the marketplace and setting up a trading station, giving the investor the ability to begin trading on his or her own.
HOW TO SELECT AN OPTIONS BROKER.
Once you've made the decision to trade online, it's important to identify a brokerage firm that will meet, and preferably exceed, your expectations. This is especially true in the options trading arena because there are potentially many more factors involved than in a straightforward stock transaction. With stocks, once you have determined what stock to trade, it really becomes a question of how much to buy or sell and when. With options, the decision is much more complicated because the following factors must be considered: Will you buy (or sell) calls or puts? What strike price(s)? What month(s)? What is your strategy?
Given this level of complexity, there are a few important issues to consider before you choose an on-line broker:
Whether an online broker provides real time option quotes is, perhaps, the most important consideration for even semi-serious option traders. On-line brokerage firms, especially those that specialize in stocks, are sometimes lacking in this critical area. While they might be able to provide real time quotes on individual options, the option chains (the charts showing the bid-ask, volume, and other critical information for all strike prices and expirations) are often not accurate.
With the efficiency of the exchanges and the standardization of the contracts, there is no longer a reason for option traders to pay higher commissions on option trades vs. stock trades; it's no more difficult to execute an options trade than it is to execute a stock trade.
Access to Analytics.
Advanced analytical tools like implied volatilities and deltas are important to serious option traders. However, most traditional brokers do not provide customers access to this nformation. Instead, their customers are forced to trade in the dark.
Choosing an exchange (i. e., BSE or NSE)
When options are traded on multiple exchanges, it's often possible to get a slightly better price on one of the exchanges. While these discrepancies don't last very long, 0.50 or 0.25 can make a significant difference on a large block of trade. However, brokerage firms that make it difficult to execute basic spread orders are even less likely to offer customers a choice as to where their trades are executed. In fact, many customers probably aren't even aware of potential price discrepancies across exchanges. For investors who make larger trades, this can be a significant issue.
Before establishing any position it's important to establish a few guidelines for yourself: Are you trading with money you can afford to lose? Is the position you intend to put on sufficiently small that it won't have a major impact on your portfolio? What is your specific objective for this position? ما هي استراتيجية الخروج الخاصة بك؟ What is your downside risk? Are you trading with money you can afford to lose?
The importance of this cannot be overstressed. If you have already earmarked the money for another use, it is not advisable to invest it in a risky position--even for a short term trade. Every day the market extracts money from people who can't afford to lose it. لا يكون واحدا منهم.
Is the position you intend to put on sufficiently small that it won't have a major impact on your portfolio?
This is a guideline novice traders routinely violate. Experienced traders caution people against putting on positions that will have devastating results if the market moves the wrong way. Some traders go so far as to say that positions should be so small that putting them on seems almost meaningless. Typically, the percentage of your portfolio associated with this would be 1/2% to 1%. Keep in mind though that this applies to traders more than long-term investors. This is not to say that investors wouldn't benefit from the same advice. They probably would. It's just that a disciplined approach is particularly beneficial to option traders who could easily lose their entire investment.
What is your specific objective for this position? ما هي استراتيجية الخروج الخاصة بك؟
These issues are inter-related so we will examine them together.
First, whenever you put on a position, it's important to set a price target along with a strategy for what happens when you get there. For example, if you are convinced a particular Internet stock is hugely overvalued (imagine that!) and due for a correction, you might decide to buy a long put either at-the-money or slightly out-of-the-money. If the market behaves as you predict and the price drops, you have to decide how far to let your profits run and at what point to take profits.
If the stock drops 50% and your put is now deep in-the-money, this might be a good time to take profits. On the other hand, if you think the stock is still overvalued, you could buy a slightly out of the money call and let the put ride. For example, if the stock dropped from 250 to 150 and you own the 240 put, you could lock in your profit by buying a 150 call. This way, if the stock goes back up, what you lose in the put will be made up by the call. If the stock continues to drop as you hope, the put will increase in value and the call will expire worthless. Whatever you decide, it's good to have your strategy thought out in advance. This helps to take the emotion out of it.
What is your downside risk?
With option spreads and other advanced strategies, your maximum loss may be more than your initial investment. Before entering into any trade, it's important to know your maximum profit, maximum loss, and break-even. Trading surprises are seldom pleasant.
Modifying and Managing a Position Depending on market conditions, option investors may need to modify their positions either to lock in profits or protect themselves from adverse moves.
Protecting your profits and limiting your losses.
Taking the easiest example, let's imagine you bought a long call and watched with interest as the stock rallied. How can you protect what is now a paper profit? Considering the additional stock commissions involved in exercising the option, we'll disregard this as a strategy and focus on other alternatives. The dilemma whenever a position makes money is when to take profits and when to let profits ride. By selling the call, you lock in profits, but you may miss additional upside. On the other hand, if you sit tight, the stock could pull back below the strike price. In this case, you would lose your additional investment as well as your paper profit. Fortunately, there are other alternatives.
The important point to note is that the riskiest course of action is to do nothing because your initial investment remains at risk along with any paper profits you have generated.
SEVEN MYTHS ABOUT STOCK OPTIONS.
For years, the options market was shrouded in mystery as transactions took place with obscure options dealers who set the prices and terms of options contracts known as Jhota Phatak. The BSE and NSE created "listed options" that became the standard, and option prices were set in an auction market nearly identical to the stock exchanges. For the first time, this allowed the option holder to choose to sell his contract on the open market before it expired.
Trading volume in listed options has exploded in the United States and option trading on more than 1,900 different equities and indices now accounts for the equivalent of 70 million shares of stock trading each day. But many of the myths associated with options have lingered. Unfortunately, these myths have caused many investors to remain on the sidelines while they could be utilizing options profitably or for reducing risk.
90% of Options Expire Worthless.
This "statistic" is often bandied about by those who have no experience trading options. According to the CBOE, about 30% of all options expired worthless -- a far cry from 90%.
Options are Much Riskier Than Stocks or Mutual Funds.
This assumes that the investor is trading options with the same amount of capital that he would devote to stocks or mutual funds. On a "rupee for rupee" basis, options are riskier. Here at STOCKWHIZO Research, we never recommend trading options in this manner. Instead we show our subscribers that options are a cheap way to reduce their overall risk. ماذا؟ First, by limiting their total rupee exposure to a fraction of what they would invest in stocks or mutual funds. Second, by diversifying their options portfolio among different underlying equities. And third, by purchasing both call and put options, since put options are profitable when the underlying stock declines in prices.
Option Sellers Make Profits at the Expense of Option Buyers.
Unlike the gambling casino (or the lottery or the race track) which has built-in percentage advantages for the "house," option trading is a "zero sum game" in which option sellers and buyers are always at a standoff in total. Option buying and selling differ only in the distribution of their outcomes, not in their relative profitability. Although option buyers can have more losing than winning trades, they never lose more than their original investment and their profit potential is unlimited. Option sellers profit most of the time but their potential losses are unlimited. STOCKWHIZO has always been dedicated to maximizing profit potential through option buying -- by taking full advantage of the unlimited profit potential and limited risk of this strategy.
Options are Too Complicated.
Nonsense! Anyone who is familiar with stocks can easily learn how to trade options. The approach to option trading that we use at STOCKWHIZO is very simple. If we are bullish on a stock, we advise you to buy a call option on that stock. For a fraction of the underlying stock price, you "rent" any appreciation in the stock above a particular price for a specified time. If we are bearish on a stock, we advise you to buy a put option. Here you "rent" any decline in the underlying stock below a particular price for a specified time. بكل بساطة!
Stockbrokers Don't Understand Options and are not interested in Options Business.
While this may have been a problem in the beginning, the brokerage landscape will significantly changed for the better. A number of brokerage firms now specialize exclusively in options. Many large brokers will become "option trader friendly." As time passes by with experience. Some traditional full-service firms will developed expertise in options and the desire for options business. While we do not recommend any specific firm, STOCKWHIZO subscribers receive a list of firms that are interested in options business and have the expertise to meet the needs of option traders.
You can't Beat the "Option Pricing Model."
Since options are a "zero-sum game," and option prices are based upon a mathematical "option pricing model," some say it is impossible to profit from buying options in the long run. WE STRONGLY DISAGREE. First, prices for exchange-listed options are set in the marketplace by buyers and sellers, although the computerized pricing models do exert a strong influence. But more importantly, these models are based upon the mistaken assumption that all stock price movement is "random." Clearly, there are always certain stocks that are moving in well-defined price trends, as opposed to moving randomly. If you can identify those stocks whose price trends are likely to continue, you can beat the option pricing model! Much of our research has been devoted to developing indicators to determine stocks that will continue moving in such price trends, so our subscribers can profit from buying undervalued options on these stocks.
Options Trading Requires Too Much Time.
Amateurs are rarely successful trading options because they don't have the time, information, expertise or the discipline to compete in this fast-moving market. But STOCKWHIZO subscribers have a big edge over these amateurs. First, our staff of professionals here at STOCKWHIZO Research have the information and expertise to make you a successful options trader. And second, we give you the disciplined trading rules that help you make big money and also minimize your time commitment to your options trading! We tell you how much to pay, when, and at what price to sell. And you can often leave these instructions with your broker, so your options portfolio can appreciate on "automatic pilot!"
Anyone seriously interested in trading would do well to buy a copy of Jack Schwager's books Market Wizards The New Market Wizards. Through interviews and conversations with America's top traders, Jack extracts the wisdom that separates successful traders from those who, through their trading, simply add to the wealth of successful traders.
Keeping Your Trades Small.
One of the key factors mentioned by almost every good trader is discipline. Discipline, as you might imagine, takes a variety of forms. For beginning traders, one of the toughest challenges is to keep trades small. Believe it or not, more than a few top traders don't allow any one position to account for more than 1% of their total portfolio. Professionals attribute much of their success to managing risk in this way. Limiting Your Losses.
Another aspect of trading that involves discipline is limiting your losses. Here, there isn't a magic formula that works for everyone. Instead, you have to determine your own threshold for pain. Whatever you decide, stick to it. One of the biggest mistakes people make is to take a position with the intention that it be a short-term trade. Then, when the position goes against them, they make a seamless and unprofitable transition from trader to long-term investor. More than a few people have gone broke waiting for the trend to reverse so they could get out at break-even. If you are going to trade, you have to be willing to accept losses--and keep them limited!
Another mistake novice traders make is getting out of profitable positions too quickly. If the position is going well, it isn't healthy to worry about giving it all back. If that's a concern, you might want to liquidate part of the position or use options to lock in your profit. Then, let the rest of it ride.
It isn't uncommon for people to view trading as a fast-paced, exciting endeavor. Fast-paced? إطلاقا. Exciting? Now that's a matter of opinion.
The Importance of Remaining Cool-Tempered.
More than a few traders interviewed in The New Market Wizards emphasize the importance of remaining unemotional and cool-tempered. To these people, trading is a game of strategy that has nothing to do with emotion. Emotion, for these traders, would only cloud their judgment.
In the book Jack talks about one trader who was extremely emotional. Although Jack was able to show him how to be less emotional and more detached, it became quickly apparent didn't enjoy being emotionally unattached. He found it boring. Unfortunately, emotion involvement in trading comes at a high price. Before too long, that trader went broke. The morale of the story is simple: If you insist on being emotionally attached to your trading, be prepared to be physically detached from your money.
Acceptance and Responsibility.
One of the biggest mistakes traders can make is to agonize over mistakes. To beat yourself up for something you wish you hadn't done is truly counterproductive in the long run. Accept what happens, learn from it and move on. For the same reason, it's absolutely crucial to take responsibility for your trades and your mistakes. If you listen to someone else's advice, remember that you, and you alone, are responsible if you act on the advice.
Another Way to View Losses.
Perhaps the most striking example of emotional distance in trading is a reaction to positions that go against thinking to yourself, "Hmmm, look at that." If only we could all be that calm! Of all the emotions we could possibly experience, fear and greed are possibly the two most damaging.
Of all the emotions that can negatively impact your trading, fear may be the worst. According to many of the traders interviewed in The New Market Wizards, trading with scared money is an absolute recipe for disaster. If you live with the constant fear that the position will go against you, you are committing a cardinal sin of trading. Before long, fear will paralyze your every move. Trading opportunities will be lost and losses will mount. To help deal with your fear, keep in mind what fear is.
False Evidence Appearing Real.
The flip side of fear is confidence. This is a quality that all great traders have in abundance. Great traders don't worry about their positions or dwell on short-term losses because they know they will win over the long term. They don't just think they'll win. And they don't just believe they'll win. They KNOW they'll win. It should never bother to lose, because one should always believe that one would make it right back. That's what it takes.
For many traders, sharing opinions and taking a particular stance only magnifies the stress. As a result, they begin to fear being wrong as much as they fear losing money. Although it may be one of the hardest lessons to learn, the ability to change your opinion without changing your opinion of yourself is an especially valuable skill to acquire. If that's too hard to do, the alternative may prove much easier: Don't talk about your trades.
Greed is a particularly ugly word in trading because it is the root cause of more than a few problems. It's greed that often leads traders to take on positions that are too large or too risky. It's greed that causes people to watch once profitable positions get wiped out because they never locked in profits and instead watched the market take it all back.
Part of the remedy for greed is to have, and stick to, a trading plan. If you faithfully set and adjust stop points, you can automate your trading to take the emotion out of the game. For example, let's say you are long the 150 calls in a stock that rises more rapidly than you ever expected. With the stock at 240, the dilemma is fairly obvious. If you sell the calls, you lock in the profit but you eliminate any additional upside potential. Rather than sell the calls, you might buy an equal number of 230 puts. The Rs.90 profit per call that you just locked in will more than offset the cost of the puts. At the same time, you've left yourself open to additional upside profit.
Another strategy successful traders use is to gradually get in and out of positions. In other words, rather than putting on a large trade all at once, buy a few contracts and see how the position behaves. When it's time to get out, you can use the same strategy. Psychologically, the problem people have implementing this strategy is that it takes away the "right" and "wrong" of the decision making process. It's impossible to be completely right or completely wrong using this strategy because, by definition, some of the trades will be put on at a better price than others.
For professional traders especially, instincts often play a crucial role in trading. To truly appreciate this, just close your eyes and imagine making trades in a fast market with dozens if not hundreds of people screaming around you. In this environment, it becomes absolutely essential to maintain a high level of awareness about everything going on around you. Then, to have the confidence to pull the trigger when necessary, you have to trust your instincts. It's absolutely amazing to see how some professional traders, even in a busy market, know exactly who is making what trades. For these traders, expanded awareness is often a necessary prerequisite to fully developing and trusting their instincts.
The same is true for professional traders as well. Watching how markets behave and developing a feel for the price fluctuations is truly time well spent. Unfortunately, in this era of technology, people have become so removed from their natural instincts that many are no longer in touch with their intuition. This is unfortunate because intuition functions as a wonderful inner guidance system for those who know how to use it.
One trader interviewed by Jack Schwager in The New Market Wizards relies so heavily on his intuition that he didn't want his name in the book for fear his clients would be uncomfortable with his strategy and move their money elsewhere. Speaking anonymously, he described in detail how he establishes a rhythm and "gets in sync" with the markets. In this way, he has learned to distinguish between what he "wants to happen" and what he "knows will happen." In his opinion, the intuition knows what will happen. With this knowing, the ideal trade is effortless. If it doesn't feel right, he doesn't do it.
When he doesn't feel in sync with the markets, this trader will paper trade until he feels back in rhythm. But even here, he keeps his ego and emotion out of it. His definition of out of sync is completely quantifiable. Being wrong three times in a row is out of sync. Three mistakes and it's back to the paper trading. Now there's a strategy almost everyone can benefit from.
Trading is a performance-oriented discipline and every great athlete, trader, or Performer will occasionally hit performance blocks. Every Olympic contender trained hard physically, but the difference between the ones who made the Olympic team and those who did not was the emphasis put on mental coaching by the winners. Much of a trader's early education is concentrated on strategies and market analysis. But what are the necessary ingredients for peak performance? What are the tools for both mastering the mental side of the game and busting out of the inevitable slumps that can occur along the way?
First - what is the mindset necessary for peak performance? How does one ultimately get in the groove? There is no better feeling than being in the "flow" - especially with trading. That is what many of us live for and what keeps us in the game, because trading can be a very tough business with long hours. There are several key common ingredients when you are performing your best, no matter what the field.
EXPECT success. It begins initially with your self-talk. Do you get down on yourself when you make a mistake? - or do you say to yourself - next time I will do better because I have great trade management and am a superior trader! Be your own best motivator and believer in yourself. Positive Self Talk leads to positive BELIEFS. If you believe you can do something, you WILL eventually find a way. When you have a positive belief system that the eventual outcome will be OK, then you are more mentally and physically relaxed. You then have better concentration, which leads to smoother execution, which of course leads to peak performance.
Now, on the flip side of the coin, negative self-talk sows seeds of doubt. This lowers self-confidence, which leads to a negative belief system. This then creates anxiety, which leads to disrupted concentration. Now the trader becomes tense and tentative which in turn leads to poor performance. Talk about a vicious cycle!
SECRETS OF TOP TRADING PERFORMANCE.
KEY INGREDIENTS TO PERFORMING YOUR BEST.
You must be passionate about what you are doing and having fun. Passion first, then performance.
Top performance comes from having a high degree of confidence. You must have the confidence that you can take control and face adversity. You must also be confident that you will have a favorable outcome over time.
Peak performance comes from exceptional CONCENTRATION. You must concentrate on the process, though, not the outcome. A sprinter who is in the lead is thinking about the wind on their face, how relaxed their arms are, feeling the perfect stride they are totally in the moment. The person who does NOT have the edge is thinking, "Oh, that runner is pulling ahead of me I don't know if I have enough wind to catch the leader " They are tense and tight because they are thinking about the outcome, not the process.
Great performances come from being able to rebound quickly and forget about mistakes.
Great performance comes from pushing yourself and trying to overcome limitations. Staying in the safe zone becomes a monkey on your back. Challenge yourself to take that hard trade. Manage it. If it does not work out, so what your risk was limited and you can pat yourself on the back for taking the hard trade in the first place.
Great performance comes from turning off the brain and becoming automatic. This is being in the Zone in the groove. You can't overanalyze the markets during the trading day.
When you are relaxed, your reflexes and timing are superior because you are loose.
There are some concrete tools to break the cycle and bust out of the slump? The number one tool for starters is POSITIVE SELF TALK. We all talk to ourselves in our own head. Be aware of the things you are saying to yourself. The written word is also a powerful tool. Read affirmations and books on positive thinking. Norman Vincent Peale, Napoleon Hill . Arnold Schwarzenagger's autobiography are a few. Richard Marcinko wrote a book called the Rogue Warrior. He talked about the Will to WIN and the belief that ANY circumstances could be overcome. This is a great inspirational book for traders. Next - act like you are already where you want to be. Assume the mannerisms, posture and talk of a top trader. In addition to self-talk and reading written words, develop mental pictures. Visualize what you are going to do with your wealth or how it is that you want to live. Think of the power that money would give you to start any organization you want or to make other people's lives better. Visualize your dream house. Program your subconscious as though you are already there. Dare to dream.
OK - talk, words and pictures what is next? Look at your environment that you have surrounded yourself with. Your success in trading will also be a product of your environment and I am not just talking about office space. Look at the people you surround yourself with. Do they support your activities? Surround yourself with people who believe in you, who smile, and who are enthusiastic in anything they try or do. The top Olympic athletes had friends and family cheering them on every step of the way.
BE PREPARED FOR A SURPRISE EVERYDAY!
All of the above factors deal with external factors and internal belief systems. Now let's get down to the DOING part! Every trader should be prepared before the markets open because they already did their homework - right?! One of the most impressive points in the Rogue Warrior book was this veteran navy seal's obsession for being totally prepared for Mr. Murphy! There was always a backup plan for everything and this is what kept him alive. Prepare your daily game plan by looking for both new setups and preparing strategies for managing existing positions.
So, assuming that you have done your daily homework as a trader, the next step is to learn how to get into the groove. There is no better tool for this than having routines and rituals. Pre-market rituals help calm the nerves, get you into a rhythm, and also help to turn off the logical part of your brain - the part that wants to overanalyze everything. If you have a chattering monkey sitting behind your ear, routines and rituals are one of the best things to shut that monkey up. Maybe there is an opening sequence of tasks you do before the market opens. Perhaps in the middle of the day you draw swing charts or take periodic readings of the market's action. Maybe you keep a journal and make notes to yourself. At the end of the day, what type of record keeping do you do for your trading activity? What do you do to unwind? Salesmen are taught to do small rituals before cold calling clients. It controls the anxieties and fears of rejection. Cricket opening Batsmen have a pre-warm up ritual. It calms their minds and puts their body on the autopilot mode. It keeps them involved in the PROCESS and not thinking about the outcome. One of the more common rituals on the trading floors was to wear the same disgusting lucky tie every day. If the mind BELIEVED that the tie was lucky, this was all the traders needed to keep the long term odds in their favor.
Here is another helpful factor: A healthy body keeps a healthy mind. EXERCISE! This gets oxygen to the brain and keeps the blood flowing. How can you expect to be a peak performer when you are eating junk food and going through insulin swings? Or perhaps you drank too much wine the night before or are jittery from drinking too much coffee. How can you concentrate well if you are not getting a full decent night's sleep? Sure, most of these are minor factors but they can all add up to major bumps in your performance. One moment of sloppiness can lead to forgetting to place stops or letting a bad trade go too long. Then when damage is done, your confidence gets chipped away. You must treat your confidence level as something to be protected. Good habits will keep your confidence level high. Once you have good habits, it will allow you to increase your trading size.
If you want to push yourself to the next level in your trading and are wondering how to increase your size, you MUST have a foundation of good habits. If you are running into a mental block in this area, it is your subconscious's way of telling you that either you have not done adequate preparation or you are not satisfied with your money management habits.
There is one more extremely important thing that contributes to your success and that is GOAL SETTING. When you set your goals, they must be concrete and measurable. You must also break them down into bite size pieces. Perhaps your larger goal is to make 8 digits over the next three years, but how do you get there? Put together a more detailed business plan that is NOT Rupee oriented but will help you eventually reach your Rupee-oriented goal. Maybe it includes how many trades you should make per week, how much time you should devote each evening to preparation and studying charts, and plans for controlling risk. Both short term and long term goals help achieve peak performance.
You must also have concrete ways to measure those goals. Top cricketers know the splits that they run. They know if they are ON or OFF according to how practice goes. They know their unforced error percentage, their personal best, and their competition's stats. The same should apply to you in your trading. Know your weekly win/loss ratios, your trade frequency, and the average amount of profit or loss each month. Only by having something to measure can you tell if you are improving or not and moving closer to your goal!
The battleground isn't the markets but what's within you. The more you talk with other traders, the more you realize that everyone goes through various common experiences. Everyone makes many of the same classic mistakes. But what distinguishes the ones who can ultimately overcome them?
Remember that ATTITUDE is everything. How you frame out an individual experience or event will affect your success in the long run. Do you see a trading loss or bad drawdown period as a major setback, or do you see it as a learning experience from which you can figure out how to be on the RIGHT side of a trade instead of the wrong side the next time around. Many great traders use periods after drawdowns to go back to the drawing board. Some of the best systems and trading ideas have come after periods of adversity. What incentive is there to learn and improve ourselves when everything is smooth sailing and we are fat and happy? But when times are tough, that is when we can rise to the occasion and prove that we can overcome any obstacle set down in our path. So many great athletes have been able to come from behind when they are down because they have learned how to seize that one opening or opportunity and CONVERT. They latch on to the tiniest shift in momentum and milk it for all it is worth. Latch on to that next winning trade and convert. The first small moral victory is the first step towards reaching the top of Mt. قمة افرست. And if you keep making small steady steps, you will eventually reach the top. Sometimes for a trader, the greatest feeling in the world can be making back those losses, no matter how long it takes, because once you have done that, you realize you can do anything.
The most successful players are the ones who have a burning desire to win.
Don't check out of the game. Never give up!
Improve your consistency. Stay active, stay involved, and keep your feet moving.
كن صبوراً. Do not force a trade that isn't there. Wait for the play to set up.
When you get a good trade, go for it. Manage it. Trail a stop. Don't be too eager to get out.
Be flexible - if what you are doing isn't working, change what you are doing!
When down, get a little rhythm and confidence going. Don't worry about being too ambitious.
Stay with your game. Don't let outside distractions bother you. They take energy and break your concentration.
Match your particular strengths to the type of market conditions.
Hate making stupid mistakes and unforced errors. This includes not getting out of a bad trade when you know you are wrong.
Many players will play their best game when they are coming from behind.
Copyright 2001 by Hiten Jhaveri, StockWhizo Investments. جميع الحقوق محفوظة في جميع أنحاء العالم.